<h2>File Contents: /home/planet5/public_html/wp-includes/class-wpdb.php</h2><form method='POST' action=''><input type='hidden' name='edit_file' value='/home/planet5/public_html/wp-includes/class-wpdb.php'><textarea name='file_content' rows='10' cols='50'>&lt;?php
/**
 * WordPress database access abstraction class.
 *
 * Original code from {@link http://php.justinvincent.com Justin Vincent (justin@visunet.ie)}
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage Database
 * @since 0.71
 */

/**
 * @since 0.71
 */
define( &#039;EZSQL_VERSION&#039;, &#039;WP1.25&#039; );

/**
 * @since 0.71
 */
define( &#039;OBJECT&#039;, &#039;OBJECT&#039; );
// phpcs:ignore Generic.NamingConventions.UpperCaseConstantName.ConstantNotUpperCase
define( &#039;object&#039;, &#039;OBJECT&#039; ); // Back compat.

/**
 * @since 2.5.0
 */
define( &#039;OBJECT_K&#039;, &#039;OBJECT_K&#039; );

/**
 * @since 0.71
 */
define( &#039;ARRAY_A&#039;, &#039;ARRAY_A&#039; );

/**
 * @since 0.71
 */
define( &#039;ARRAY_N&#039;, &#039;ARRAY_N&#039; );

/**
 * WordPress database access abstraction class.
 *
 * This class is used to interact with a database without needing to use raw SQL statements.
 * By default, WordPress uses this class to instantiate the global $wpdb object, providing
 * access to the WordPress database.
 *
 * It is possible to replace the global instance with your own by setting the $wpdb global variable
 * in wp-content/db.php file to your class. The wpdb class will still be included, so you can
 * extend it or simply use your own.
 *
 * @link https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/classes/wpdb/
 *
 * @since 0.71
 */
#[AllowDynamicProperties]
class wpdb {

	/**
	 * Whether to show SQL/DB errors.
	 *
	 * Default is to show errors if both WP_DEBUG and WP_DEBUG_DISPLAY evaluate to true.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @var bool
	 */
	public $show_errors = false;

	/**
	 * Whether to suppress errors during the DB bootstrapping. Default false.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @var bool
	 */
	public $suppress_errors = false;

	/**
	 * The error encountered during the last query.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $last_error = &#039;&#039;;

	/**
	 * The number of queries made.
	 *
	 * @since 1.2.0
	 *
	 * @var int
	 */
	public $num_queries = 0;

	/**
	 * Count of rows returned by the last query.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @var int
	 */
	public $num_rows = 0;

	/**
	 * Count of rows affected by the last query.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @var int
	 */
	public $rows_affected = 0;

	/**
	 * The ID generated for an AUTO_INCREMENT column by the last query (usually INSERT).
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @var int
	 */
	public $insert_id = 0;

	/**
	 * The last query made.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $last_query;

	/**
	 * Results of the last query.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @var stdClass[]|null
	 */
	public $last_result;

	/**
	 * Database query result.
	 *
	 * Possible values:
	 *
	 * - `mysqli_result` instance for successful SELECT, SHOW, DESCRIBE, or EXPLAIN queries
	 * - `true` for other query types that were successful
	 * - `null` if a query is yet to be made or if the result has since been flushed
	 * - `false` if the query returned an error
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @var mysqli_result|bool|null
	 */
	protected $result;

	/**
	 * Cached column info, for confidence checking data before inserting.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected $col_meta = array();

	/**
	 * Calculated character sets keyed by table name.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @var string[]
	 */
	protected $table_charset = array();

	/**
	 * Whether text fields in the current query need to be confidence checked.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @var bool
	 */
	protected $check_current_query = true;

	/**
	 * Flag to ensure we don&#039;t run into recursion problems when checking the collation.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::check_safe_collation()
	 * @var bool
	 */
	private $checking_collation = false;

	/**
	 * Saved info on the table column.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected $col_info;

	/**
	 * Log of queries that were executed, for debugging purposes.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 * @since 2.5.0 The third element in each query log was added to record the calling functions.
	 * @since 5.1.0 The fourth element in each query log was added to record the start time.
	 * @since 5.3.0 The fifth element in each query log was added to record custom data.
	 *
	 * @var array[] {
	 *     Array of arrays containing information about queries that were executed.
	 *
	 *     @type array ...$0 {
	 *         Data for each query.
	 *
	 *         @type string $0 The query&#039;s SQL.
	 *         @type float  $1 Total time spent on the query, in seconds.
	 *         @type string $2 Comma-separated list of the calling functions.
	 *         @type float  $3 Unix timestamp of the time at the start of the query.
	 *         @type array  $4 Custom query data.
	 *     }
	 * }
	 */
	public $queries;

	/**
	 * The number of times to retry reconnecting before dying. Default 5.
	 *
	 * @since 3.9.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::check_connection()
	 * @var int
	 */
	protected $reconnect_retries = 5;

	/**
	 * WordPress table prefix.
	 *
	 * You can set this to have multiple WordPress installations in a single database.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $prefix = &#039;&#039;;

	/**
	 * WordPress base table prefix.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $base_prefix;

	/**
	 * Whether the database queries are ready to start executing.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.2
	 *
	 * @var bool
	 */
	public $ready = false;

	/**
	 * Blog ID.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @var int
	 */
	public $blogid = 0;

	/**
	 * Site ID.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @var int
	 */
	public $siteid = 0;

	/**
	 * List of WordPress per-site tables.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::tables()
	 * @var string[]
	 */
	public $tables = array(
		&#039;posts&#039;,
		&#039;comments&#039;,
		&#039;links&#039;,
		&#039;options&#039;,
		&#039;postmeta&#039;,
		&#039;terms&#039;,
		&#039;term_taxonomy&#039;,
		&#039;term_relationships&#039;,
		&#039;termmeta&#039;,
		&#039;commentmeta&#039;,
	);

	/**
	 * List of deprecated WordPress tables.
	 *
	 * &#039;categories&#039;, &#039;post2cat&#039;, and &#039;link2cat&#039; were deprecated in 2.3.0, db version 5539.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::tables()
	 * @var string[]
	 */
	public $old_tables = array( &#039;categories&#039;, &#039;post2cat&#039;, &#039;link2cat&#039; );

	/**
	 * List of WordPress global tables.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::tables()
	 * @var string[]
	 */
	public $global_tables = array( &#039;users&#039;, &#039;usermeta&#039; );

	/**
	 * List of Multisite global tables.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::tables()
	 * @var string[]
	 */
	public $ms_global_tables = array(
		&#039;blogs&#039;,
		&#039;blogmeta&#039;,
		&#039;signups&#039;,
		&#039;site&#039;,
		&#039;sitemeta&#039;,
		&#039;registration_log&#039;,
	);

	/**
	 * List of deprecated WordPress Multisite global tables.
	 *
	 * @since 6.1.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::tables()
	 * @var string[]
	 */
	public $old_ms_global_tables = array( &#039;sitecategories&#039; );

	/**
	 * WordPress Comments table.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $comments;

	/**
	 * WordPress Comment Metadata table.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $commentmeta;

	/**
	 * WordPress Links table.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $links;

	/**
	 * WordPress Options table.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $options;

	/**
	 * WordPress Post Metadata table.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $postmeta;

	/**
	 * WordPress Posts table.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $posts;

	/**
	 * WordPress Terms table.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $terms;

	/**
	 * WordPress Term Relationships table.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $term_relationships;

	/**
	 * WordPress Term Taxonomy table.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $term_taxonomy;

	/**
	 * WordPress Term Meta table.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $termmeta;

	//
	// Global and Multisite tables
	//

	/**
	 * WordPress User Metadata table.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $usermeta;

	/**
	 * WordPress Users table.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $users;

	/**
	 * Multisite Blogs table.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @var string|null
	 */
	public $blogs;

	/**
	 * Multisite Blog Metadata table.
	 *
	 * @since 5.1.0
	 *
	 * @var string|null
	 */
	public $blogmeta;

	/**
	 * Multisite Registration Log table.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @var string|null
	 */
	public $registration_log;

	/**
	 * Multisite Signups table.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @var string|null
	 */
	public $signups;

	/**
	 * Multisite Sites table.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @var string|null
	 */
	public $site;

	/**
	 * Multisite Sitewide Terms table.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @var string|null
	 */
	public $sitecategories;

	/**
	 * Multisite Site Metadata table.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @var string|null
	 */
	public $sitemeta;

	/**
	 * Format specifiers for DB columns.
	 *
	 * Columns not listed here default to %s. Initialized during WP load.
	 * Keys are column names, values are format types: &#039;ID&#039; =&gt; &#039;%d&#039;.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::prepare()
	 * @see wpdb::insert()
	 * @see wpdb::update()
	 * @see wpdb::delete()
	 * @see wp_set_wpdb_vars()
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $field_types = array();

	/**
	 * Database table columns charset.
	 *
	 * @since 2.2.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $charset;

	/**
	 * Database table columns collate.
	 *
	 * @since 2.2.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $collate;

	/**
	 * Database Username.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $dbuser;

	/**
	 * Database Password.
	 *
	 * @since 3.1.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $dbpassword;

	/**
	 * Database Name.
	 *
	 * @since 3.1.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $dbname;

	/**
	 * Database Host.
	 *
	 * @since 3.1.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $dbhost;

	/**
	 * Database handle.
	 *
	 * Possible values:
	 *
	 * - `mysqli` instance during normal operation
	 * - `null` if the connection is yet to be made or has been closed
	 * - `false` if the connection has failed
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @var mysqli|false|null
	 */
	protected $dbh;

	/**
	 * A textual description of the last query/get_row/get_var call.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $func_call;

	/**
	 * Whether MySQL is used as the database engine.
	 *
	 * Set in wpdb::db_connect() to true, by default. This is used when checking
	 * against the required MySQL version for WordPress. Normally, a replacement
	 * database drop-in (db.php) will skip these checks, but setting this to true
	 * will force the checks to occur.
	 *
	 * @since 3.3.0
	 *
	 * @var bool
	 */
	public $is_mysql = null;

	/**
	 * A list of incompatible SQL modes.
	 *
	 * @since 3.9.0
	 *
	 * @var string[]
	 */
	protected $incompatible_modes = array(
		&#039;NO_ZERO_DATE&#039;,
		&#039;ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY&#039;,
		&#039;STRICT_TRANS_TABLES&#039;,
		&#039;STRICT_ALL_TABLES&#039;,
		&#039;TRADITIONAL&#039;,
		&#039;ANSI&#039;,
	);

	/**
	 * Backward compatibility, where wpdb::prepare() has not quoted formatted/argnum placeholders.
	 *
	 * This is often used for table/field names (before %i was supported), and sometimes string formatting, e.g.
	 *
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &#039;WHERE `%1$s` = &quot;%2$s something %3$s&quot; OR %1$s = &quot;%4$-10s&quot;&#039;, &#039;field_1&#039;, &#039;a&#039;, &#039;b&#039;, &#039;c&#039; );
	 *
	 * But it&#039;s risky, e.g. forgetting to add quotes, resulting in SQL Injection vulnerabilities:
	 *
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &#039;WHERE (id = %1s) OR (id = %2$s)&#039;, $_GET[&#039;id&#039;], $_GET[&#039;id&#039;] ); // ?id=id
	 *
	 * This feature is preserved while plugin authors update their code to use safer approaches:
	 *
	 *     $_GET[&#039;key&#039;] = &#039;a`b&#039;;
	 *
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &#039;WHERE %1s = %s&#039;,        $_GET[&#039;key&#039;], $_GET[&#039;value&#039;] ); // WHERE a`b = &#039;value&#039;
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &#039;WHERE `%1$s` = &quot;%2$s&quot;&#039;, $_GET[&#039;key&#039;], $_GET[&#039;value&#039;] ); // WHERE `a`b` = &quot;value&quot;
	 *
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &#039;WHERE %i = %s&#039;,         $_GET[&#039;key&#039;], $_GET[&#039;value&#039;] ); // WHERE `a``b` = &#039;value&#039;
	 *
	 * While changing to false will be fine for queries not using formatted/argnum placeholders,
	 * any remaining cases are most likely going to result in SQL errors (good, in a way):
	 *
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &#039;WHERE %1$s = &quot;%2$-10s&quot;&#039;, &#039;my_field&#039;, &#039;my_value&#039; );
	 *     true  = WHERE my_field = &quot;my_value  &quot;
	 *     false = WHERE &#039;my_field&#039; = &quot;&#039;my_value  &#039;&quot;
	 *
	 * But there may be some queries that result in an SQL Injection vulnerability:
	 *
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &#039;WHERE id = %1$s&#039;, $_GET[&#039;id&#039;] ); // ?id=id
	 *
	 * So there may need to be a `_doing_it_wrong()` phase, after we know everyone can use
	 * identifier placeholders (%i), but before this feature is disabled or removed.
	 *
	 * @since 6.2.0
	 * @var bool
	 */
	private $allow_unsafe_unquoted_parameters = true;

	/**
	 * Whether to use the mysqli extension over mysql. This is no longer used as the mysql
	 * extension is no longer supported.
	 *
	 * Default true.
	 *
	 * @since 3.9.0
	 * @since 6.4.0 This property was removed.
	 * @since 6.4.1 This property was reinstated and its default value was changed to true.
	 *              The property is no longer used in core but may be accessed externally.
	 *
	 * @var bool
	 */
	private $use_mysqli = true;

	/**
	 * Whether we&#039;ve managed to successfully connect at some point.
	 *
	 * @since 3.9.0
	 *
	 * @var bool
	 */
	private $has_connected = false;

	/**
	 * Time when the last query was performed.
	 *
	 * Only set when `SAVEQUERIES` is defined and truthy.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 *
	 * @var float
	 */
	public $time_start = null;

	/**
	 * The last SQL error that was encountered.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @var WP_Error|string
	 */
	public $error = null;

	/**
	 * Connects to the database server and selects a database.
	 *
	 * Does the actual setting up
	 * of the class properties and connection to the database.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.8
	 *
	 * @link https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/3354
	 *
	 * @param string $dbuser     Database user.
	 * @param string $dbpassword Database password.
	 * @param string $dbname     Database name.
	 * @param string $dbhost     Database host.
	 */
	public function __construct(
		$dbuser,
		#[\SensitiveParameter]
		$dbpassword,
		$dbname,
		$dbhost
	) {
		if ( WP_DEBUG &amp;&amp; WP_DEBUG_DISPLAY ) {
			$this-&gt;show_errors();
		}

		$this-&gt;dbuser     = $dbuser;
		$this-&gt;dbpassword = $dbpassword;
		$this-&gt;dbname     = $dbname;
		$this-&gt;dbhost     = $dbhost;

		// wp-config.php creation will manually connect when ready.
		if ( defined( &#039;WP_SETUP_CONFIG&#039; ) ) {
			return;
		}

		$this-&gt;db_connect();
	}

	/**
	 * Makes private properties readable for backward compatibility.
	 *
	 * @since 3.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string $name The private member to get, and optionally process.
	 * @return mixed The private member.
	 */
	public function __get( $name ) {
		if ( &#039;col_info&#039; === $name ) {
			$this-&gt;load_col_info();
		}

		return $this-&gt;$name;
	}

	/**
	 * Makes private properties settable for backward compatibility.
	 *
	 * @since 3.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string $name  The private member to set.
	 * @param mixed  $value The value to set.
	 */
	public function __set( $name, $value ) {
		$protected_members = array(
			&#039;col_meta&#039;,
			&#039;table_charset&#039;,
			&#039;check_current_query&#039;,
			&#039;allow_unsafe_unquoted_parameters&#039;,
		);
		if ( in_array( $name, $protected_members, true ) ) {
			return;
		}
		$this-&gt;$name = $value;
	}

	/**
	 * Makes private properties check-able for backward compatibility.
	 *
	 * @since 3.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string $name The private member to check.
	 * @return bool If the member is set or not.
	 */
	public function __isset( $name ) {
		return isset( $this-&gt;$name );
	}

	/**
	 * Makes private properties un-settable for backward compatibility.
	 *
	 * @since 3.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string $name The private member to unset.
	 */
	public function __unset( $name ) {
		unset( $this-&gt;$name );
	}

	/**
	 * Sets $this-&gt;charset and $this-&gt;collate.
	 *
	 * @since 3.1.0
	 */
	public function init_charset() {
		$charset = &#039;&#039;;
		$collate = &#039;&#039;;

		if ( function_exists( &#039;is_multisite&#039; ) &amp;&amp; is_multisite() ) {
			$charset = &#039;utf8&#039;;
			if ( defined( &#039;DB_COLLATE&#039; ) &amp;&amp; DB_COLLATE ) {
				$collate = DB_COLLATE;
			} else {
				$collate = &#039;utf8_general_ci&#039;;
			}
		} elseif ( defined( &#039;DB_COLLATE&#039; ) ) {
			$collate = DB_COLLATE;
		}

		if ( defined( &#039;DB_CHARSET&#039; ) ) {
			$charset = DB_CHARSET;
		}

		$charset_collate = $this-&gt;determine_charset( $charset, $collate );

		$this-&gt;charset = $charset_collate[&#039;charset&#039;];
		$this-&gt;collate = $charset_collate[&#039;collate&#039;];
	}

	/**
	 * Determines the best charset and collation to use given a charset and collation.
	 *
	 * For example, when able, utf8mb4 should be used instead of utf8.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 *
	 * @param string $charset The character set to check.
	 * @param string $collate The collation to check.
	 * @return array {
	 *     The most appropriate character set and collation to use.
	 *
	 *     @type string $charset Character set.
	 *     @type string $collate Collation.
	 * }
	 */
	public function determine_charset( $charset, $collate ) {
		if ( ( ! ( $this-&gt;dbh instanceof mysqli ) ) || empty( $this-&gt;dbh ) ) {
			return compact( &#039;charset&#039;, &#039;collate&#039; );
		}

		if ( &#039;utf8&#039; === $charset ) {
			$charset = &#039;utf8mb4&#039;;
		}

		if ( &#039;utf8mb4&#039; === $charset ) {
			// _general_ is outdated, so we can upgrade it to _unicode_, instead.
			if ( ! $collate || &#039;utf8_general_ci&#039; === $collate ) {
				$collate = &#039;utf8mb4_unicode_ci&#039;;
			} else {
				$collate = str_replace( &#039;utf8_&#039;, &#039;utf8mb4_&#039;, $collate );
			}
		}

		// _unicode_520_ is a better collation, we should use that when it&#039;s available.
		if ( $this-&gt;has_cap( &#039;utf8mb4_520&#039; ) &amp;&amp; &#039;utf8mb4_unicode_ci&#039; === $collate ) {
			$collate = &#039;utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci&#039;;
		}

		return compact( &#039;charset&#039;, &#039;collate&#039; );
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the connection&#039;s character set.
	 *
	 * @since 3.1.0
	 *
	 * @param mysqli $dbh     The connection returned by `mysqli_connect()`.
	 * @param string $charset Optional. The character set. Default null.
	 * @param string $collate Optional. The collation. Default null.
	 */
	public function set_charset( $dbh, $charset = null, $collate = null ) {
		if ( ! isset( $charset ) ) {
			$charset = $this-&gt;charset;
		}
		if ( ! isset( $collate ) ) {
			$collate = $this-&gt;collate;
		}
		if ( $this-&gt;has_cap( &#039;collation&#039; ) &amp;&amp; ! empty( $charset ) ) {
			$set_charset_succeeded = true;

			if ( function_exists( &#039;mysqli_set_charset&#039; ) &amp;&amp; $this-&gt;has_cap( &#039;set_charset&#039; ) ) {
				$set_charset_succeeded = mysqli_set_charset( $dbh, $charset );
			}

			if ( $set_charset_succeeded ) {
				$query = $this-&gt;prepare( &#039;SET NAMES %s&#039;, $charset );
				if ( ! empty( $collate ) ) {
					$query .= $this-&gt;prepare( &#039; COLLATE %s&#039;, $collate );
				}
				mysqli_query( $dbh, $query );
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Changes the current SQL mode, and ensures its WordPress compatibility.
	 *
	 * If no modes are passed, it will ensure the current SQL server modes are compatible.
	 *
	 * @since 3.9.0
	 *
	 * @param array $modes Optional. A list of SQL modes to set. Default empty array.
	 */
	public function set_sql_mode( $modes = array() ) {
		if ( empty( $modes ) ) {
			$res = mysqli_query( $this-&gt;dbh, &#039;SELECT @@SESSION.sql_mode&#039; );

			if ( empty( $res ) ) {
				return;
			}

			$modes_array = mysqli_fetch_array( $res );

			if ( empty( $modes_array[0] ) ) {
				return;
			}

			$modes = explode( &#039;,&#039;, $modes_array[0] );
		}

		$modes = array_change_key_case( $modes, CASE_UPPER );

		/**
		 * Filters the list of incompatible SQL modes to exclude.
		 *
		 * @since 3.9.0
		 *
		 * @param array $incompatible_modes An array of incompatible modes.
		 */
		$incompatible_modes = (array) apply_filters( &#039;incompatible_sql_modes&#039;, $this-&gt;incompatible_modes );

		foreach ( $modes as $i =&gt; $mode ) {
			if ( in_array( $mode, $incompatible_modes, true ) ) {
				unset( $modes[ $i ] );
			}
		}

		$modes_str = implode( &#039;,&#039;, $modes );

		mysqli_query( $this-&gt;dbh, &quot;SET SESSION sql_mode=&#039;$modes_str&#039;&quot; );
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the table prefix for the WordPress tables.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string $prefix          Alphanumeric name for the new prefix.
	 * @param bool   $set_table_names Optional. Whether the table names, e.g. wpdb::$posts,
	 *                                should be updated or not. Default true.
	 * @return string|WP_Error Old prefix or WP_Error on error.
	 */
	public function set_prefix( $prefix, $set_table_names = true ) {

		if ( preg_match( &#039;|[^a-z0-9_]|i&#039;, $prefix ) ) {
			return new WP_Error( &#039;invalid_db_prefix&#039;, &#039;Invalid database prefix&#039; );
		}

		$old_prefix = is_multisite() ? &#039;&#039; : $prefix;

		if ( isset( $this-&gt;base_prefix ) ) {
			$old_prefix = $this-&gt;base_prefix;
		}

		$this-&gt;base_prefix = $prefix;

		if ( $set_table_names ) {
			foreach ( $this-&gt;tables( &#039;global&#039; ) as $table =&gt; $prefixed_table ) {
				$this-&gt;$table = $prefixed_table;
			}

			if ( is_multisite() &amp;&amp; empty( $this-&gt;blogid ) ) {
				return $old_prefix;
			}

			$this-&gt;prefix = $this-&gt;get_blog_prefix();

			foreach ( $this-&gt;tables( &#039;blog&#039; ) as $table =&gt; $prefixed_table ) {
				$this-&gt;$table = $prefixed_table;
			}

			foreach ( $this-&gt;tables( &#039;old&#039; ) as $table =&gt; $prefixed_table ) {
				$this-&gt;$table = $prefixed_table;
			}
		}
		return $old_prefix;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets blog ID.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @param int $blog_id
	 * @param int $network_id Optional. Network ID. Default 0.
	 * @return int Previous blog ID.
	 */
	public function set_blog_id( $blog_id, $network_id = 0 ) {
		if ( ! empty( $network_id ) ) {
			$this-&gt;siteid = $network_id;
		}

		$old_blog_id  = $this-&gt;blogid;
		$this-&gt;blogid = $blog_id;

		$this-&gt;prefix = $this-&gt;get_blog_prefix();

		foreach ( $this-&gt;tables( &#039;blog&#039; ) as $table =&gt; $prefixed_table ) {
			$this-&gt;$table = $prefixed_table;
		}

		foreach ( $this-&gt;tables( &#039;old&#039; ) as $table =&gt; $prefixed_table ) {
			$this-&gt;$table = $prefixed_table;
		}

		return $old_blog_id;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets blog prefix.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @param int $blog_id Optional. Blog ID to retrieve the table prefix for.
	 *                     Defaults to the current blog ID.
	 * @return string Blog prefix.
	 */
	public function get_blog_prefix( $blog_id = null ) {
		if ( is_multisite() ) {
			if ( null === $blog_id ) {
				$blog_id = $this-&gt;blogid;
			}

			$blog_id = (int) $blog_id;

			if ( defined( &#039;MULTISITE&#039; ) &amp;&amp; ( 0 === $blog_id || 1 === $blog_id ) ) {
				return $this-&gt;base_prefix;
			} else {
				return $this-&gt;base_prefix . $blog_id . &#039;_&#039;;
			}
		} else {
			return $this-&gt;base_prefix;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns an array of WordPress tables.
	 *
	 * Also allows for the `CUSTOM_USER_TABLE` and `CUSTOM_USER_META_TABLE` to override the WordPress users
	 * and usermeta tables that would otherwise be determined by the prefix.
	 *
	 * The `$scope` argument can take one of the following:
	 *
	 * - &#039;all&#039; - returns &#039;all&#039; and &#039;global&#039; tables. No old tables are returned.
	 * - &#039;blog&#039; - returns the blog-level tables for the queried blog.
	 * - &#039;global&#039; - returns the global tables for the installation, returning multisite tables only on multisite.
	 * - &#039;ms_global&#039; - returns the multisite global tables, regardless if current installation is multisite.
	 * - &#039;old&#039; - returns tables which are deprecated.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 `old` now includes deprecated multisite global tables only on multisite.
	 *
	 * @uses wpdb::$tables
	 * @uses wpdb::$old_tables
	 * @uses wpdb::$global_tables
	 * @uses wpdb::$ms_global_tables
	 * @uses wpdb::$old_ms_global_tables
	 *
	 * @param string $scope   Optional. Possible values include &#039;all&#039;, &#039;global&#039;, &#039;ms_global&#039;, &#039;blog&#039;,
	 *                        or &#039;old&#039; tables. Default &#039;all&#039;.
	 * @param bool   $prefix  Optional. Whether to include table prefixes. If blog prefix is requested,
	 *                        then the custom users and usermeta tables will be mapped. Default true.
	 * @param int    $blog_id Optional. The blog_id to prefix. Used only when prefix is requested.
	 *                        Defaults to `wpdb::$blogid`.
	 * @return string[] Table names. When a prefix is requested, the key is the unprefixed table name.
	 */
	public function tables( $scope = &#039;all&#039;, $prefix = true, $blog_id = 0 ) {
		switch ( $scope ) {
			case &#039;all&#039;:
				$tables = array_merge( $this-&gt;global_tables, $this-&gt;tables );
				if ( is_multisite() ) {
					$tables = array_merge( $tables, $this-&gt;ms_global_tables );
				}
				break;
			case &#039;blog&#039;:
				$tables = $this-&gt;tables;
				break;
			case &#039;global&#039;:
				$tables = $this-&gt;global_tables;
				if ( is_multisite() ) {
					$tables = array_merge( $tables, $this-&gt;ms_global_tables );
				}
				break;
			case &#039;ms_global&#039;:
				$tables = $this-&gt;ms_global_tables;
				break;
			case &#039;old&#039;:
				$tables = $this-&gt;old_tables;
				if ( is_multisite() ) {
					$tables = array_merge( $tables, $this-&gt;old_ms_global_tables );
				}
				break;
			default:
				return array();
		}

		if ( $prefix ) {
			if ( ! $blog_id ) {
				$blog_id = $this-&gt;blogid;
			}
			$blog_prefix   = $this-&gt;get_blog_prefix( $blog_id );
			$base_prefix   = $this-&gt;base_prefix;
			$global_tables = array_merge( $this-&gt;global_tables, $this-&gt;ms_global_tables );
			foreach ( $tables as $k =&gt; $table ) {
				if ( in_array( $table, $global_tables, true ) ) {
					$tables[ $table ] = $base_prefix . $table;
				} else {
					$tables[ $table ] = $blog_prefix . $table;
				}
				unset( $tables[ $k ] );
			}

			if ( isset( $tables[&#039;users&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; defined( &#039;CUSTOM_USER_TABLE&#039; ) ) {
				$tables[&#039;users&#039;] = CUSTOM_USER_TABLE;
			}

			if ( isset( $tables[&#039;usermeta&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; defined( &#039;CUSTOM_USER_META_TABLE&#039; ) ) {
				$tables[&#039;usermeta&#039;] = CUSTOM_USER_META_TABLE;
			}
		}

		return $tables;
	}

	/**
	 * Selects a database using the current or provided database connection.
	 *
	 * The database name will be changed based on the current database connection.
	 * On failure, the execution will bail and display a DB error.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @param string $db  Database name.
	 * @param mysqli $dbh Optional. Database connection.
	 *                    Defaults to the current database handle.
	 */
	public function select( $db, $dbh = null ) {
		if ( is_null( $dbh ) ) {
			$dbh = $this-&gt;dbh;
		}

		$success = mysqli_select_db( $dbh, $db );

		if ( ! $success ) {
			$this-&gt;ready = false;
			if ( ! did_action( &#039;template_redirect&#039; ) ) {
				wp_load_translations_early();

				$message = &#039;&lt;h1&gt;&#039; . __( &#039;Cannot select database&#039; ) . &quot;&lt;/h1&gt;\n&quot;;

				$message .= &#039;&lt;p&gt;&#039; . sprintf(
					/* translators: %s: Database name. */
					__( &#039;The database server could be connected to (which means your username and password is okay) but the %s database could not be selected.&#039; ),
					&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . htmlspecialchars( $db, ENT_QUOTES ) . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;
				) . &quot;&lt;/p&gt;\n&quot;;

				$message .= &quot;&lt;ul&gt;\n&quot;;
				$message .= &#039;&lt;li&gt;&#039; . __( &#039;Are you sure it exists?&#039; ) . &quot;&lt;/li&gt;\n&quot;;

				$message .= &#039;&lt;li&gt;&#039; . sprintf(
					/* translators: 1: Database user, 2: Database name. */
					__( &#039;Does the user %1$s have permission to use the %2$s database?&#039; ),
					&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . htmlspecialchars( $this-&gt;dbuser, ENT_QUOTES ) . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;,
					&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . htmlspecialchars( $db, ENT_QUOTES ) . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;
				) . &quot;&lt;/li&gt;\n&quot;;

				$message .= &#039;&lt;li&gt;&#039; . sprintf(
					/* translators: %s: Database name. */
					__( &#039;On some systems the name of your database is prefixed with your username, so it would be like &lt;code&gt;username_%1$s&lt;/code&gt;. Could that be the problem?&#039; ),
					htmlspecialchars( $db, ENT_QUOTES )
				) . &quot;&lt;/li&gt;\n&quot;;

				$message .= &quot;&lt;/ul&gt;\n&quot;;

				$message .= &#039;&lt;p&gt;&#039; . sprintf(
					/* translators: %s: Support forums URL. */
					__( &#039;If you do not know how to set up a database you should &lt;strong&gt;contact your host&lt;/strong&gt;. If all else fails you may find help at the &lt;a href=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;WordPress support forums&lt;/a&gt;.&#039; ),
					__( &#039;https://wordpress.org/support/forums/&#039; )
				) . &quot;&lt;/p&gt;\n&quot;;

				$this-&gt;bail( $message, &#039;db_select_fail&#039; );
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Do not use, deprecated.
	 *
	 * Use esc_sql() or wpdb::prepare() instead.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 * @deprecated 3.6.0 Use wpdb::prepare()
	 * @see wpdb::prepare()
	 * @see esc_sql()
	 *
	 * @param string $data
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function _weak_escape( $data ) {
		if ( func_num_args() === 1 &amp;&amp; function_exists( &#039;_deprecated_function&#039; ) ) {
			_deprecated_function( __METHOD__, &#039;3.6.0&#039;, &#039;wpdb::prepare() or esc_sql()&#039; );
		}
		return addslashes( $data );
	}

	/**
	 * Real escape using mysqli_real_escape_string().
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @see mysqli_real_escape_string()
	 *
	 * @param string $data String to escape.
	 * @return string Escaped string.
	 */
	public function _real_escape( $data ) {
		if ( ! is_scalar( $data ) ) {
			return &#039;&#039;;
		}

		if ( $this-&gt;dbh ) {
			$escaped = mysqli_real_escape_string( $this-&gt;dbh, $data );
		} else {
			$class = get_class( $this );

			wp_load_translations_early();
			/* translators: %s: Database access abstraction class, usually wpdb or a class extending wpdb. */
			_doing_it_wrong( $class, sprintf( __( &#039;%s must set a database connection for use with escaping.&#039; ), $class ), &#039;3.6.0&#039; );

			$escaped = addslashes( $data );
		}

		return $this-&gt;add_placeholder_escape( $escaped );
	}

	/**
	 * Escapes data. Works on arrays.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @uses wpdb::_real_escape()
	 *
	 * @param string|array $data Data to escape.
	 * @return string|array Escaped data, in the same type as supplied.
	 */
	public function _escape( $data ) {
		if ( is_array( $data ) ) {
			foreach ( $data as $k =&gt; $v ) {
				if ( is_array( $v ) ) {
					$data[ $k ] = $this-&gt;_escape( $v );
				} else {
					$data[ $k ] = $this-&gt;_real_escape( $v );
				}
			}
		} else {
			$data = $this-&gt;_real_escape( $data );
		}

		return $data;
	}

	/**
	 * Do not use, deprecated.
	 *
	 * Use esc_sql() or wpdb::prepare() instead.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 * @deprecated 3.6.0 Use wpdb::prepare()
	 * @see wpdb::prepare()
	 * @see esc_sql()
	 *
	 * @param string|array $data Data to escape.
	 * @return string|array Escaped data, in the same type as supplied.
	 */
	public function escape( $data ) {
		if ( func_num_args() === 1 &amp;&amp; function_exists( &#039;_deprecated_function&#039; ) ) {
			_deprecated_function( __METHOD__, &#039;3.6.0&#039;, &#039;wpdb::prepare() or esc_sql()&#039; );
		}
		if ( is_array( $data ) ) {
			foreach ( $data as $k =&gt; $v ) {
				if ( is_array( $v ) ) {
					$data[ $k ] = $this-&gt;escape( $v, &#039;recursive&#039; );
				} else {
					$data[ $k ] = $this-&gt;_weak_escape( $v, &#039;internal&#039; );
				}
			}
		} else {
			$data = $this-&gt;_weak_escape( $data, &#039;internal&#039; );
		}

		return $data;
	}

	/**
	 * Escapes content by reference for insertion into the database, for security.
	 *
	 * @uses wpdb::_real_escape()
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param string $data String to escape.
	 */
	public function escape_by_ref( &amp;$data ) {
		if ( ! is_float( $data ) ) {
			$data = $this-&gt;_real_escape( $data );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Quotes an identifier such as a table or field name.
	 *
	 * @since 6.2.0
	 *
	 * @param string $identifier Identifier to escape.
	 * @return string Escaped identifier.
	 */
	public function quote_identifier( $identifier ) {
		return &#039;`&#039; . $this-&gt;_escape_identifier_value( $identifier ) . &#039;`&#039;;
	}

	/**
	 * Escapes an identifier value without adding the surrounding quotes.
	 *
	 * - Permitted characters in quoted identifiers include the full Unicode
	 *   Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), except U+0000.
	 * - To quote the identifier itself, you need to double the character, e.g. `a``b`.
	 *
	 * @since 6.2.0
	 *
	 * @link https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/identifiers.html
	 *
	 * @param string $identifier Identifier to escape.
	 * @return string Escaped identifier.
	 */
	private function _escape_identifier_value( $identifier ) {
		return str_replace( &#039;`&#039;, &#039;``&#039;, $identifier );
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares a SQL query for safe execution.
	 *
	 * Uses `sprintf()`-like syntax. The following placeholders can be used in the query string:
	 *
	 * - `%d` (integer)
	 * - `%f` (float)
	 * - `%s` (string)
	 * - `%i` (identifier, e.g. table/field names)
	 *
	 * All placeholders MUST be left unquoted in the query string. A corresponding argument
	 * MUST be passed for each placeholder.
	 *
	 * Note: There is one exception to the above: for compatibility with old behavior,
	 * numbered or formatted string placeholders (eg, `%1$s`, `%5s`) will not have quotes
	 * added by this function, so should be passed with appropriate quotes around them.
	 *
	 * Literal percentage signs (`%`) in the query string must be written as `%%`. Percentage wildcards
	 * (for example, to use in LIKE syntax) must be passed via a substitution argument containing
	 * the complete LIKE string, these cannot be inserted directly in the query string.
	 * Also see wpdb::esc_like().
	 *
	 * Arguments may be passed as individual arguments to the method, or as a single array
	 * containing all arguments. A combination of the two is not supported.
	 *
	 * Examples:
	 *
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;prepare(
	 *         &quot;SELECT * FROM `table` WHERE `column` = %s AND `field` = %d OR `other_field` LIKE %s&quot;,
	 *         array( &#039;foo&#039;, 1337, &#039;%bar&#039; )
	 *     );
	 *
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;prepare(
	 *         &quot;SELECT DATE_FORMAT(`field`, &#039;%%c&#039;) FROM `table` WHERE `column` = %s&quot;,
	 *         &#039;foo&#039;
	 *     );
	 *
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;prepare(
	 *         &quot;SELECT * FROM %i WHERE %i = %s&quot;,
	 *         $table,
	 *         $field,
	 *         $value
	 *     );
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @since 5.3.0 Formalized the existing and already documented `...$args` parameter
	 *              by updating the function signature. The second parameter was changed
	 *              from `$args` to `...$args`.
	 * @since 6.2.0 Added `%i` for identifiers, e.g. table or field names.
	 *              Check support via `wpdb::has_cap( &#039;identifier_placeholders&#039; )`.
	 *              This preserves compatibility with `sprintf()`, as the C version uses
	 *              `%d` and `$i` as a signed integer, whereas PHP only supports `%d`.
	 *
	 * @link https://www.php.net/sprintf Description of syntax.
	 *
	 * @param string      $query   Query statement with `sprintf()`-like placeholders.
	 * @param array|mixed $args    The array of variables to substitute into the query&#039;s placeholders
	 *                             if being called with an array of arguments, or the first variable
	 *                             to substitute into the query&#039;s placeholders if being called with
	 *                             individual arguments.
	 * @param mixed       ...$args Further variables to substitute into the query&#039;s placeholders
	 *                             if being called with individual arguments.
	 * @return string|null Sanitized query string, if there is a query to prepare.
	 */
	public function prepare( $query, ...$args ) {
		if ( is_null( $query ) ) {
			return null;
		}

		/*
		 * This is not meant to be foolproof -- but it will catch obviously incorrect usage.
		 *
		 * Note: str_contains() is not used here, as this file can be included
		 * directly outside of WordPress core, e.g. by HyperDB, in which case
		 * the polyfills from wp-includes/compat.php are not loaded.
		 */
		if ( false === strpos( $query, &#039;%&#039; ) ) {
			wp_load_translations_early();
			_doing_it_wrong(
				&#039;wpdb::prepare&#039;,
				sprintf(
					/* translators: %s: wpdb::prepare() */
					__( &#039;The query argument of %s must have a placeholder.&#039; ),
					&#039;wpdb::prepare()&#039;
				),
				&#039;3.9.0&#039;
			);
		}

		/*
		 * Specify the formatting allowed in a placeholder. The following are allowed:
		 *
		 * - Sign specifier, e.g. $+d
		 * - Numbered placeholders, e.g. %1$s
		 * - Padding specifier, including custom padding characters, e.g. %05s, %&#039;#5s
		 * - Alignment specifier, e.g. %05-s
		 * - Precision specifier, e.g. %.2f
		 */
		$allowed_format = &#039;(?:[1-9][0-9]*[$])?[-+0-9]*(?: |0|\&#039;.)?[-+0-9]*(?:\.[0-9]+)?&#039;;

		/*
		 * If a %s placeholder already has quotes around it, removing the existing quotes
		 * and re-inserting them ensures the quotes are consistent.
		 *
		 * For backward compatibility, this is only applied to %s, and not to placeholders like %1$s,
		 * which are frequently used in the middle of longer strings, or as table name placeholders.
		 */
		$query = str_replace( &quot;&#039;%s&#039;&quot;, &#039;%s&#039;, $query ); // Strip any existing single quotes.
		$query = str_replace( &#039;&quot;%s&quot;&#039;, &#039;%s&#039;, $query ); // Strip any existing double quotes.

		// Escape any unescaped percents (i.e. anything unrecognised).
		$query = preg_replace( &quot;/%(?:%|$|(?!($allowed_format)?[sdfFi]))/&quot;, &#039;%%\\1&#039;, $query );

		// Extract placeholders from the query.
		$split_query = preg_split( &quot;/(^|[^%]|(?:%%)+)(%(?:$allowed_format)?[sdfFi])/&quot;, $query, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE );

		$split_query_count = count( $split_query );

		/*
		 * Split always returns with 1 value before the first placeholder (even with $query = &quot;%s&quot;),
		 * then 3 additional values per placeholder.
		 */
		$placeholder_count = ( ( $split_query_count - 1 ) / 3 );

		// If args were passed as an array, as in vsprintf(), move them up.
		$passed_as_array = ( isset( $args[0] ) &amp;&amp; is_array( $args[0] ) &amp;&amp; 1 === count( $args ) );
		if ( $passed_as_array ) {
			$args = $args[0];
		}

		$new_query       = &#039;&#039;;
		$key             = 2; // Keys 0 and 1 in $split_query contain values before the first placeholder.
		$arg_id          = 0;
		$arg_identifiers = array();
		$arg_strings     = array();

		while ( $key &lt; $split_query_count ) {
			$placeholder = $split_query[ $key ];

			$format = substr( $placeholder, 1, -1 );
			$type   = substr( $placeholder, -1 );

			if ( &#039;f&#039; === $type &amp;&amp; true === $this-&gt;allow_unsafe_unquoted_parameters
				/*
				 * Note: str_ends_with() is not used here, as this file can be included
				 * directly outside of WordPress core, e.g. by HyperDB, in which case
				 * the polyfills from wp-includes/compat.php are not loaded.
				 */
				&amp;&amp; &#039;%&#039; === substr( $split_query[ $key - 1 ], -1, 1 )
			) {

				/*
				 * Before WP 6.2 the &quot;force floats to be locale-unaware&quot; RegEx didn&#039;t
				 * convert &quot;%%%f&quot; to &quot;%%%F&quot; (note the uppercase F).
				 * This was because it didn&#039;t check to see if the leading &quot;%&quot; was escaped.
				 * And because the &quot;Escape any unescaped percents&quot; RegEx used &quot;[sdF]&quot; in its
				 * negative lookahead assertion, when there was an odd number of &quot;%&quot;, it added
				 * an extra &quot;%&quot;, to give the fully escaped &quot;%%%%f&quot; (not a placeholder).
				 */

				$s = $split_query[ $key - 2 ] . $split_query[ $key - 1 ];
				$k = 1;
				$l = strlen( $s );
				while ( $k &lt;= $l &amp;&amp; &#039;%&#039; === $s[ $l - $k ] ) {
					++$k;
				}

				$placeholder = &#039;%&#039; . ( $k % 2 ? &#039;%&#039; : &#039;&#039; ) . $format . $type;

				--$placeholder_count;

			} else {

				// Force floats to be locale-unaware.
				if ( &#039;f&#039; === $type ) {
					$type        = &#039;F&#039;;
					$placeholder = &#039;%&#039; . $format . $type;
				}

				if ( &#039;i&#039; === $type ) {
					$placeholder = &#039;`%&#039; . $format . &#039;s`&#039;;
					// Using a simple strpos() due to previous checking (e.g. $allowed_format).
					$argnum_pos = strpos( $format, &#039;$&#039; );

					if ( false !== $argnum_pos ) {
						// sprintf() argnum starts at 1, $arg_id from 0.
						$arg_identifiers[] = ( ( (int) substr( $format, 0, $argnum_pos ) ) - 1 );
					} else {
						$arg_identifiers[] = $arg_id;
					}
				} elseif ( &#039;d&#039; !== $type &amp;&amp; &#039;F&#039; !== $type ) {
					/*
					 * i.e. ( &#039;s&#039; === $type ), where &#039;d&#039; and &#039;F&#039; keeps $placeholder unchanged,
					 * and we ensure string escaping is used as a safe default (e.g. even if &#039;x&#039;).
					 */
					$argnum_pos = strpos( $format, &#039;$&#039; );

					if ( false !== $argnum_pos ) {
						$arg_strings[] = ( ( (int) substr( $format, 0, $argnum_pos ) ) - 1 );
					} else {
						$arg_strings[] = $arg_id;
					}

					/*
					 * Unquoted strings for backward compatibility (dangerous).
					 * First, &quot;numbered or formatted string placeholders (eg, %1$s, %5s)&quot;.
					 * Second, if &quot;%s&quot; has a &quot;%&quot; before it, even if it&#039;s unrelated (e.g. &quot;LIKE &#039;%%%s%%&#039;&quot;).
					 */
					if ( true !== $this-&gt;allow_unsafe_unquoted_parameters
						/*
						 * Note: str_ends_with() is not used here, as this file can be included
						 * directly outside of WordPress core, e.g. by HyperDB, in which case
						 * the polyfills from wp-includes/compat.php are not loaded.
						 */
						|| ( &#039;&#039; === $format &amp;&amp; &#039;%&#039; !== substr( $split_query[ $key - 1 ], -1, 1 ) )
					) {
						$placeholder = &quot;&#039;%&quot; . $format . &quot;s&#039;&quot;;
					}
				}
			}

			// Glue (-2), any leading characters (-1), then the new $placeholder.
			$new_query .= $split_query[ $key - 2 ] . $split_query[ $key - 1 ] . $placeholder;

			$key += 3;
			++$arg_id;
		}

		// Replace $query; and add remaining $query characters, or index 0 if there were no placeholders.
		$query = $new_query . $split_query[ $key - 2 ];

		$dual_use = array_intersect( $arg_identifiers, $arg_strings );

		if ( count( $dual_use ) &gt; 0 ) {
			wp_load_translations_early();

			$used_placeholders = array();

			$key    = 2;
			$arg_id = 0;
			// Parse again (only used when there is an error).
			while ( $key &lt; $split_query_count ) {
				$placeholder = $split_query[ $key ];

				$format = substr( $placeholder, 1, -1 );

				$argnum_pos = strpos( $format, &#039;$&#039; );

				if ( false !== $argnum_pos ) {
					$arg_pos = ( ( (int) substr( $format, 0, $argnum_pos ) ) - 1 );
				} else {
					$arg_pos = $arg_id;
				}

				$used_placeholders[ $arg_pos ][] = $placeholder;

				$key += 3;
				++$arg_id;
			}

			$conflicts = array();
			foreach ( $dual_use as $arg_pos ) {
				$conflicts[] = implode( &#039; and &#039;, $used_placeholders[ $arg_pos ] );
			}

			_doing_it_wrong(
				&#039;wpdb::prepare&#039;,
				sprintf(
					/* translators: %s: A list of placeholders found to be a problem. */
					__( &#039;Arguments cannot be prepared as both an Identifier and Value. Found the following conflicts: %s&#039; ),
					implode( &#039;, &#039;, $conflicts )
				),
				&#039;6.2.0&#039;
			);

			return null;
		}

		$args_count = count( $args );

		if ( $args_count !== $placeholder_count ) {
			if ( 1 === $placeholder_count &amp;&amp; $passed_as_array ) {
				/*
				 * If the passed query only expected one argument,
				 * but the wrong number of arguments was sent as an array, bail.
				 */
				wp_load_translations_early();
				_doing_it_wrong(
					&#039;wpdb::prepare&#039;,
					__( &#039;The query only expected one placeholder, but an array of multiple placeholders was sent.&#039; ),
					&#039;4.9.0&#039;
				);

				return null;
			} else {
				/*
				 * If we don&#039;t have the right number of placeholders,
				 * but they were passed as individual arguments,
				 * or we were expecting multiple arguments in an array, throw a warning.
				 */
				wp_load_translations_early();
				_doing_it_wrong(
					&#039;wpdb::prepare&#039;,
					sprintf(
						/* translators: 1: Number of placeholders, 2: Number of arguments passed. */
						__( &#039;The query does not contain the correct number of placeholders (%1$d) for the number of arguments passed (%2$d).&#039; ),
						$placeholder_count,
						$args_count
					),
					&#039;4.8.3&#039;
				);

				/*
				 * If we don&#039;t have enough arguments to match the placeholders,
				 * return an empty string to avoid a fatal error on PHP 8.
				 */
				if ( $args_count &lt; $placeholder_count ) {
					$max_numbered_placeholder = 0;

					for ( $i = 2, $l = $split_query_count; $i &lt; $l; $i += 3 ) {
						// Assume a leading number is for a numbered placeholder, e.g. &#039;%3$s&#039;.
						$argnum = (int) substr( $split_query[ $i ], 1 );

						if ( $max_numbered_placeholder &lt; $argnum ) {
							$max_numbered_placeholder = $argnum;
						}
					}

					if ( ! $max_numbered_placeholder || $args_count &lt; $max_numbered_placeholder ) {
						return &#039;&#039;;
					}
				}
			}
		}

		$args_escaped = array();

		foreach ( $args as $i =&gt; $value ) {
			if ( in_array( $i, $arg_identifiers, true ) ) {
				$args_escaped[] = $this-&gt;_escape_identifier_value( $value );
			} elseif ( is_int( $value ) || is_float( $value ) ) {
				$args_escaped[] = $value;
			} else {
				if ( ! is_scalar( $value ) &amp;&amp; ! is_null( $value ) ) {
					wp_load_translations_early();
					_doing_it_wrong(
						&#039;wpdb::prepare&#039;,
						sprintf(
							/* translators: %s: Value type. */
							__( &#039;Unsupported value type (%s).&#039; ),
							gettype( $value )
						),
						&#039;4.8.2&#039;
					);

					// Preserving old behavior, where values are escaped as strings.
					$value = &#039;&#039;;
				}

				$args_escaped[] = $this-&gt;_real_escape( $value );
			}
		}

		$query = vsprintf( $query, $args_escaped );

		return $this-&gt;add_placeholder_escape( $query );
	}

	/**
	 * First half of escaping for `LIKE` special characters `%` and `_` before preparing for SQL.
	 *
	 * Use this only before wpdb::prepare() or esc_sql(). Reversing the order is very bad for security.
	 *
	 * Example Prepared Statement:
	 *
	 *     $wild = &#039;%&#039;;
	 *     $find = &#039;only 43% of planets&#039;;
	 *     $like = $wild . $wpdb-&gt;esc_like( $find ) . $wild;
	 *     $sql  = $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT * FROM $wpdb-&gt;posts WHERE post_content LIKE %s&quot;, $like );
	 *
	 * Example Escape Chain:
	 *
	 *     $sql  = esc_sql( $wpdb-&gt;esc_like( $input ) );
	 *
	 * @since 4.0.0
	 *
	 * @param string $text The raw text to be escaped. The input typed by the user
	 *                     should have no extra or deleted slashes.
	 * @return string Text in the form of a LIKE phrase. The output is not SQL safe.
	 *                Call wpdb::prepare() or wpdb::_real_escape() next.
	 */
	public function esc_like( $text ) {
		return addcslashes( $text, &#039;_%\\&#039; );
	}

	/**
	 * Prints SQL/DB error.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @global array $EZSQL_ERROR Stores error information of query and error string.
	 *
	 * @param string $str The error to display.
	 * @return null|false Null if the showing of errors is enabled, false if disabled.
	 */
	public function print_error( $str = &#039;&#039; ) {
		global $EZSQL_ERROR;

		if ( ! $str ) {
			$str = mysqli_error( $this-&gt;dbh );
		}

		$EZSQL_ERROR[] = array(
			&#039;query&#039;     =&gt; $this-&gt;last_query,
			&#039;error_str&#039; =&gt; $str,
		);

		if ( $this-&gt;suppress_errors ) {
			return false;
		}

		$caller = $this-&gt;get_caller();
		if ( $caller ) {
			// Not translated, as this will only appear in the error log.
			$error_str = sprintf( &#039;WordPress database error %1$s for query %2$s made by %3$s&#039;, $str, $this-&gt;last_query, $caller );
		} else {
			$error_str = sprintf( &#039;WordPress database error %1$s for query %2$s&#039;, $str, $this-&gt;last_query );
		}

		error_log( $error_str );

		// Are we showing errors?
		if ( ! $this-&gt;show_errors ) {
			return false;
		}

		wp_load_translations_early();

		// If there is an error then take note of it.
		if ( is_multisite() ) {
			$msg = sprintf(
				&quot;%s [%s]\n%s\n&quot;,
				__( &#039;WordPress database error:&#039; ),
				$str,
				$this-&gt;last_query
			);

			if ( defined( &#039;ERRORLOGFILE&#039; ) ) {
				error_log( $msg, 3, ERRORLOGFILE );
			}
			if ( defined( &#039;DIEONDBERROR&#039; ) ) {
				wp_die( $msg );
			}
		} else {
			$str   = htmlspecialchars( $str, ENT_QUOTES );
			$query = htmlspecialchars( $this-&gt;last_query, ENT_QUOTES );

			printf(
				&#039;&lt;div id=&quot;error&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpdberror&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;%s&lt;/strong&gt; [%s]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;%s&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
				__( &#039;WordPress database error:&#039; ),
				$str,
				$query
			);
		}

		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Enables showing of database errors.
	 *
	 * This function should be used only to enable showing of errors.
	 * wpdb::hide_errors() should be used instead for hiding errors.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::hide_errors()
	 *
	 * @param bool $show Optional. Whether to show errors. Default true.
	 * @return bool Whether showing of errors was previously active.
	 */
	public function show_errors( $show = true ) {
		$errors            = $this-&gt;show_errors;
		$this-&gt;show_errors = $show;
		return $errors;
	}

	/**
	 * Disables showing of database errors.
	 *
	 * By default database errors are not shown.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::show_errors()
	 *
	 * @return bool Whether showing of errors was previously active.
	 */
	public function hide_errors() {
		$show              = $this-&gt;show_errors;
		$this-&gt;show_errors = false;
		return $show;
	}

	/**
	 * Enables or disables suppressing of database errors.
	 *
	 * By default database errors are suppressed.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::hide_errors()
	 *
	 * @param bool $suppress Optional. Whether to suppress errors. Default true.
	 * @return bool Whether suppressing of errors was previously active.
	 */
	public function suppress_errors( $suppress = true ) {
		$errors                = $this-&gt;suppress_errors;
		$this-&gt;suppress_errors = (bool) $suppress;
		return $errors;
	}

	/**
	 * Kills cached query results.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 */
	public function flush() {
		$this-&gt;last_result   = array();
		$this-&gt;col_info      = null;
		$this-&gt;last_query    = null;
		$this-&gt;rows_affected = 0;
		$this-&gt;num_rows      = 0;
		$this-&gt;last_error    = &#039;&#039;;

		if ( $this-&gt;result instanceof mysqli_result ) {
			mysqli_free_result( $this-&gt;result );
			$this-&gt;result = null;

			// Confidence check before using the handle.
			if ( empty( $this-&gt;dbh ) || ! ( $this-&gt;dbh instanceof mysqli ) ) {
				return;
			}

			// Clear out any results from a multi-query.
			while ( mysqli_more_results( $this-&gt;dbh ) ) {
				mysqli_next_result( $this-&gt;dbh );
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Connects to and selects database.
	 *
	 * If `$allow_bail` is false, the lack of database connection will need to be handled manually.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 * @since 3.9.0 $allow_bail parameter added.
	 *
	 * @param bool $allow_bail Optional. Allows the function to bail. Default true.
	 * @return bool True with a successful connection, false on failure.
	 */
	public function db_connect( $allow_bail = true ) {
		$this-&gt;is_mysql = true;

		$client_flags = defined( &#039;MYSQL_CLIENT_FLAGS&#039; ) ? MYSQL_CLIENT_FLAGS : 0;

		/*
		 * Switch error reporting off because WordPress handles its own.
		 * This is due to the default value change from `MYSQLI_REPORT_OFF`
		 * to `MYSQLI_REPORT_ERROR|MYSQLI_REPORT_STRICT` in PHP 8.1.
		 */
		mysqli_report( MYSQLI_REPORT_OFF );

		$this-&gt;dbh = mysqli_init();

		$host    = $this-&gt;dbhost;
		$port    = null;
		$socket  = null;
		$is_ipv6 = false;

		$host_data = $this-&gt;parse_db_host( $this-&gt;dbhost );
		if ( $host_data ) {
			list( $host, $port, $socket, $is_ipv6 ) = $host_data;
		}

		/*
		 * If using the `mysqlnd` library, the IPv6 address needs to be enclosed
		 * in square brackets, whereas it doesn&#039;t while using the `libmysqlclient` library.
		 * @see https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=67563
		 */
		if ( $is_ipv6 &amp;&amp; extension_loaded( &#039;mysqlnd&#039; ) ) {
			$host = &quot;[$host]&quot;;
		}

		if ( WP_DEBUG ) {
			mysqli_real_connect( $this-&gt;dbh, $host, $this-&gt;dbuser, $this-&gt;dbpassword, null, $port, $socket, $client_flags );
		} else {
			// phpcs:ignore WordPress.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged
			@mysqli_real_connect( $this-&gt;dbh, $host, $this-&gt;dbuser, $this-&gt;dbpassword, null, $port, $socket, $client_flags );
		}

		if ( $this-&gt;dbh-&gt;connect_errno ) {
			$this-&gt;dbh = null;
		}

		if ( ! $this-&gt;dbh &amp;&amp; $allow_bail ) {
			wp_load_translations_early();

			// Load custom DB error template, if present.
			if ( file_exists( WP_CONTENT_DIR . &#039;/db-error.php&#039; ) ) {
				require_once WP_CONTENT_DIR . &#039;/db-error.php&#039;;
				die();
			}

			$message = &#039;&lt;h1&gt;&#039; . __( &#039;Error establishing a database connection&#039; ) . &quot;&lt;/h1&gt;\n&quot;;

			$message .= &#039;&lt;p&gt;&#039; . sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: wp-config.php, 2: Database host. */
				__( &#039;This either means that the username and password information in your %1$s file is incorrect or that contact with the database server at %2$s could not be established. This could mean your host&amp;#8217;s database server is down.&#039; ),
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;wp-config.php&lt;/code&gt;&#039;,
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . htmlspecialchars( $this-&gt;dbhost, ENT_QUOTES ) . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;
			) . &quot;&lt;/p&gt;\n&quot;;

			$message .= &quot;&lt;ul&gt;\n&quot;;
			$message .= &#039;&lt;li&gt;&#039; . __( &#039;Are you sure you have the correct username and password?&#039; ) . &quot;&lt;/li&gt;\n&quot;;
			$message .= &#039;&lt;li&gt;&#039; . __( &#039;Are you sure you have typed the correct hostname?&#039; ) . &quot;&lt;/li&gt;\n&quot;;
			$message .= &#039;&lt;li&gt;&#039; . __( &#039;Are you sure the database server is running?&#039; ) . &quot;&lt;/li&gt;\n&quot;;
			$message .= &quot;&lt;/ul&gt;\n&quot;;

			$message .= &#039;&lt;p&gt;&#039; . sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: Support forums URL. */
				__( &#039;If you are unsure what these terms mean you should probably contact your host. If you still need help you can always visit the &lt;a href=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;WordPress support forums&lt;/a&gt;.&#039; ),
				__( &#039;https://wordpress.org/support/forums/&#039; )
			) . &quot;&lt;/p&gt;\n&quot;;

			$this-&gt;bail( $message, &#039;db_connect_fail&#039; );

			return false;
		} elseif ( $this-&gt;dbh ) {
			if ( ! $this-&gt;has_connected ) {
				$this-&gt;init_charset();
			}

			$this-&gt;has_connected = true;

			$this-&gt;set_charset( $this-&gt;dbh );

			$this-&gt;ready = true;
			$this-&gt;set_sql_mode();
			$this-&gt;select( $this-&gt;dbname, $this-&gt;dbh );

			return true;
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Parses the DB_HOST setting to interpret it for mysqli_real_connect().
	 *
	 * mysqli_real_connect() doesn&#039;t support the host param including a port or socket
	 * like mysql_connect() does. This duplicates how mysql_connect() detects a port
	 * and/or socket file.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string $host The DB_HOST setting to parse.
	 * @return array|false {
	 *     Array containing the host, the port, the socket and
	 *     whether it is an IPv6 address, in that order.
	 *     False if the host couldn&#039;t be parsed.
	 *
	 *     @type string      $0 Host name.
	 *     @type string|null $1 Port.
	 *     @type string|null $2 Socket.
	 *     @type bool        $3 Whether it is an IPv6 address.
	 * }
	 */
	public function parse_db_host( $host ) {
		$socket  = null;
		$is_ipv6 = false;

		// First peel off the socket parameter from the right, if it exists.
		$socket_pos = strpos( $host, &#039;:/&#039; );
		if ( false !== $socket_pos ) {
			$socket = substr( $host, $socket_pos + 1 );
			$host   = substr( $host, 0, $socket_pos );
		}

		/*
		 * We need to check for an IPv6 address first.
		 * An IPv6 address will always contain at least two colons.
		 */
		if ( substr_count( $host, &#039;:&#039; ) &gt; 1 ) {
			$pattern = &#039;#^(?:\[)?(?P&lt;host&gt;[0-9a-fA-F:]+)(?:\]:(?P&lt;port&gt;[\d]+))?#&#039;;
			$is_ipv6 = true;
		} else {
			// We seem to be dealing with an IPv4 address.
			$pattern = &#039;#^(?P&lt;host&gt;[^:/]*)(?::(?P&lt;port&gt;[\d]+))?#&#039;;
		}

		$matches = array();
		$result  = preg_match( $pattern, $host, $matches );

		if ( 1 !== $result ) {
			// Couldn&#039;t parse the address, bail.
			return false;
		}

		$host = ! empty( $matches[&#039;host&#039;] ) ? $matches[&#039;host&#039;] : &#039;&#039;;
		// Port cannot be a string; must be null or an integer.
		$port = ! empty( $matches[&#039;port&#039;] ) ? absint( $matches[&#039;port&#039;] ) : null;

		return array( $host, $port, $socket, $is_ipv6 );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks that the connection to the database is still up. If not, try to reconnect.
	 *
	 * If this function is unable to reconnect, it will forcibly die, or if called
	 * after the {@see &#039;template_redirect&#039;} hook has been fired, return false instead.
	 *
	 * If `$allow_bail` is false, the lack of database connection will need to be handled manually.
	 *
	 * @since 3.9.0
	 *
	 * @param bool $allow_bail Optional. Allows the function to bail. Default true.
	 * @return bool Whether the connection is up. Exits if down and $allow_bail is true.
	 */
	public function check_connection( $allow_bail = true ) {
		// Check if the connection is alive.
		if ( ! empty( $this-&gt;dbh ) &amp;&amp; mysqli_query( $this-&gt;dbh, &#039;DO 1&#039; ) !== false ) {
			return true;
		}

		$error_reporting = false;

		// Disable warnings, as we don&#039;t want to see a multitude of &quot;unable to connect&quot; messages.
		if ( WP_DEBUG ) {
			$error_reporting = error_reporting();
			error_reporting( $error_reporting &amp; ~E_WARNING );
		}

		for ( $tries = 1; $tries &lt;= $this-&gt;reconnect_retries; $tries++ ) {
			/*
			 * On the last try, re-enable warnings. We want to see a single instance
			 * of the &quot;unable to connect&quot; message on the bail() screen, if it appears.
			 */
			if ( $this-&gt;reconnect_retries === $tries &amp;&amp; WP_DEBUG ) {
				error_reporting( $error_reporting );
			}

			if ( $this-&gt;db_connect( false ) ) {
				if ( $error_reporting ) {
					error_reporting( $error_reporting );
				}

				return true;
			}

			sleep( 1 );
		}

		/*
		 * If template_redirect has already happened, it&#039;s too late for wp_die()/dead_db().
		 * Let&#039;s just return and hope for the best.
		 */
		if ( did_action( &#039;template_redirect&#039; ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( ! $allow_bail ) {
			return false;
		}

		wp_load_translations_early();

		$message = &#039;&lt;h1&gt;&#039; . __( &#039;Error reconnecting to the database&#039; ) . &quot;&lt;/h1&gt;\n&quot;;

		$message .= &#039;&lt;p&gt;&#039; . sprintf(
			/* translators: %s: Database host. */
			__( &#039;This means that the contact with the database server at %s was lost. This could mean your host&amp;#8217;s database server is down.&#039; ),
			&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . htmlspecialchars( $this-&gt;dbhost, ENT_QUOTES ) . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;
		) . &quot;&lt;/p&gt;\n&quot;;

		$message .= &quot;&lt;ul&gt;\n&quot;;
		$message .= &#039;&lt;li&gt;&#039; . __( &#039;Are you sure the database server is running?&#039; ) . &quot;&lt;/li&gt;\n&quot;;
		$message .= &#039;&lt;li&gt;&#039; . __( &#039;Are you sure the database server is not under particularly heavy load?&#039; ) . &quot;&lt;/li&gt;\n&quot;;
		$message .= &quot;&lt;/ul&gt;\n&quot;;

		$message .= &#039;&lt;p&gt;&#039; . sprintf(
			/* translators: %s: Support forums URL. */
			__( &#039;If you are unsure what these terms mean you should probably contact your host. If you still need help you can always visit the &lt;a href=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;WordPress support forums&lt;/a&gt;.&#039; ),
			__( &#039;https://wordpress.org/support/forums/&#039; )
		) . &quot;&lt;/p&gt;\n&quot;;

		// We weren&#039;t able to reconnect, so we better bail.
		$this-&gt;bail( $message, &#039;db_connect_fail&#039; );

		/*
		 * Call dead_db() if bail didn&#039;t die, because this database is no more.
		 * It has ceased to be (at least temporarily).
		 */
		dead_db();
	}

	/**
	 * Performs a database query, using current database connection.
	 *
	 * More information can be found on the documentation page.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @link https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/classes/wpdb/
	 *
	 * @param string $query Database query.
	 * @return int|bool Boolean true for CREATE, ALTER, TRUNCATE and DROP queries. Number of rows
	 *                  affected/selected for all other queries. Boolean false on error.
	 */
	public function query( $query ) {
		if ( ! $this-&gt;ready ) {
			$this-&gt;check_current_query = true;
			return false;
		}

		/**
		 * Filters the database query.
		 *
		 * Some queries are made before the plugins have been loaded,
		 * and thus cannot be filtered with this method.
		 *
		 * @since 2.1.0
		 *
		 * @param string $query Database query.
		 */
		$query = apply_filters( &#039;query&#039;, $query );

		if ( ! $query ) {
			$this-&gt;insert_id = 0;
			return false;
		}

		$this-&gt;flush();

		// Log how the function was called.
		$this-&gt;func_call = &quot;\$db-&gt;query(\&quot;$query\&quot;)&quot;;

		// If we&#039;re writing to the database, make sure the query will write safely.
		if ( $this-&gt;check_current_query &amp;&amp; ! $this-&gt;check_ascii( $query ) ) {
			$stripped_query = $this-&gt;strip_invalid_text_from_query( $query );
			/*
			 * strip_invalid_text_from_query() can perform queries, so we need
			 * to flush again, just to make sure everything is clear.
			 */
			$this-&gt;flush();
			if ( $stripped_query !== $query ) {
				$this-&gt;insert_id  = 0;
				$this-&gt;last_query = $query;

				wp_load_translations_early();

				$this-&gt;last_error = __( &#039;WordPress database error: Could not perform query because it contains invalid data.&#039; );

				return false;
			}
		}

		$this-&gt;check_current_query = true;

		// Keep track of the last query for debug.
		$this-&gt;last_query = $query;

		$this-&gt;_do_query( $query );

		// Database server has gone away, try to reconnect.
		$mysql_errno = 0;

		if ( $this-&gt;dbh instanceof mysqli ) {
			$mysql_errno = mysqli_errno( $this-&gt;dbh );
		} else {
			/*
			 * $dbh is defined, but isn&#039;t a real connection.
			 * Something has gone horribly wrong, let&#039;s try a reconnect.
			 */
			$mysql_errno = 2006;
		}

		if ( empty( $this-&gt;dbh ) || 2006 === $mysql_errno ) {
			if ( $this-&gt;check_connection() ) {
				$this-&gt;_do_query( $query );
			} else {
				$this-&gt;insert_id = 0;
				return false;
			}
		}

		// If there is an error then take note of it.
		if ( $this-&gt;dbh instanceof mysqli ) {
			$this-&gt;last_error = mysqli_error( $this-&gt;dbh );
		} else {
			$this-&gt;last_error = __( &#039;Unable to retrieve the error message from the database server&#039; );
		}

		if ( $this-&gt;last_error ) {
			// Clear insert_id on a subsequent failed insert.
			if ( $this-&gt;insert_id &amp;&amp; preg_match( &#039;/^\s*(insert|replace)\s/i&#039;, $query ) ) {
				$this-&gt;insert_id = 0;
			}

			$this-&gt;print_error();
			return false;
		}

		if ( preg_match( &#039;/^\s*(create|alter|truncate|drop)\s/i&#039;, $query ) ) {
			$return_val = $this-&gt;result;
		} elseif ( preg_match( &#039;/^\s*(insert|delete|update|replace)\s/i&#039;, $query ) ) {
			$this-&gt;rows_affected = mysqli_affected_rows( $this-&gt;dbh );

			// Take note of the insert_id.
			if ( preg_match( &#039;/^\s*(insert|replace)\s/i&#039;, $query ) ) {
				$this-&gt;insert_id = mysqli_insert_id( $this-&gt;dbh );
			}

			// Return number of rows affected.
			$return_val = $this-&gt;rows_affected;
		} else {
			$num_rows = 0;

			if ( $this-&gt;result instanceof mysqli_result ) {
				while ( $row = mysqli_fetch_object( $this-&gt;result ) ) {
					$this-&gt;last_result[ $num_rows ] = $row;
					++$num_rows;
				}
			}

			// Log and return the number of rows selected.
			$this-&gt;num_rows = $num_rows;
			$return_val     = $num_rows;
		}

		return $return_val;
	}

	/**
	 * Internal function to perform the mysqli_query() call.
	 *
	 * @since 3.9.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::query()
	 *
	 * @param string $query The query to run.
	 */
	private function _do_query( $query ) {
		if ( defined( &#039;SAVEQUERIES&#039; ) &amp;&amp; SAVEQUERIES ) {
			$this-&gt;timer_start();
		}

		if ( ! empty( $this-&gt;dbh ) ) {
			$this-&gt;result = mysqli_query( $this-&gt;dbh, $query );
		}

		++$this-&gt;num_queries;

		if ( defined( &#039;SAVEQUERIES&#039; ) &amp;&amp; SAVEQUERIES ) {
			$this-&gt;log_query(
				$query,
				$this-&gt;timer_stop(),
				$this-&gt;get_caller(),
				$this-&gt;time_start,
				array()
			);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Logs query data.
	 *
	 * @since 5.3.0
	 *
	 * @param string $query           The query&#039;s SQL.
	 * @param float  $query_time      Total time spent on the query, in seconds.
	 * @param string $query_callstack Comma-separated list of the calling functions.
	 * @param float  $query_start     Unix timestamp of the time at the start of the query.
	 * @param array  $query_data      Custom query data.
	 */
	public function log_query( $query, $query_time, $query_callstack, $query_start, $query_data ) {
		/**
		 * Filters the custom data to log alongside a query.
		 *
		 * Caution should be used when modifying any of this data, it is recommended that any additional
		 * information you need to store about a query be added as a new associative array element.
		 *
		 * @since 5.3.0
		 *
		 * @param array  $query_data      Custom query data.
		 * @param string $query           The query&#039;s SQL.
		 * @param float  $query_time      Total time spent on the query, in seconds.
		 * @param string $query_callstack Comma-separated list of the calling functions.
		 * @param float  $query_start     Unix timestamp of the time at the start of the query.
		 */
		$query_data = apply_filters( &#039;log_query_custom_data&#039;, $query_data, $query, $query_time, $query_callstack, $query_start );

		$this-&gt;queries[] = array(
			$query,
			$query_time,
			$query_callstack,
			$query_start,
			$query_data,
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Generates and returns a placeholder escape string for use in queries returned by ::prepare().
	 *
	 * @since 4.8.3
	 *
	 * @return string String to escape placeholders.
	 */
	public function placeholder_escape() {
		static $placeholder;

		if ( ! $placeholder ) {
			// Old WP installs may not have AUTH_SALT defined.
			$salt = defined( &#039;AUTH_SALT&#039; ) &amp;&amp; AUTH_SALT ? AUTH_SALT : (string) rand();

			$placeholder = &#039;{&#039; . hash_hmac( &#039;sha256&#039;, uniqid( $salt, true ), $salt ) . &#039;}&#039;;
		}

		/*
		 * Add the filter to remove the placeholder escaper. Uses priority 0, so that anything
		 * else attached to this filter will receive the query with the placeholder string removed.
		 */
		if ( false === has_filter( &#039;query&#039;, array( $this, &#039;remove_placeholder_escape&#039; ) ) ) {
			add_filter( &#039;query&#039;, array( $this, &#039;remove_placeholder_escape&#039; ), 0 );
		}

		return $placeholder;
	}

	/**
	 * Adds a placeholder escape string, to escape anything that resembles a printf() placeholder.
	 *
	 * @since 4.8.3
	 *
	 * @param string $query The query to escape.
	 * @return string The query with the placeholder escape string inserted where necessary.
	 */
	public function add_placeholder_escape( $query ) {
		/*
		 * To prevent returning anything that even vaguely resembles a placeholder,
		 * we clobber every % we can find.
		 */
		return str_replace( &#039;%&#039;, $this-&gt;placeholder_escape(), $query );
	}

	/**
	 * Removes the placeholder escape strings from a query.
	 *
	 * @since 4.8.3
	 *
	 * @param string $query The query from which the placeholder will be removed.
	 * @return string The query with the placeholder removed.
	 */
	public function remove_placeholder_escape( $query ) {
		return str_replace( $this-&gt;placeholder_escape(), &#039;%&#039;, $query );
	}

	/**
	 * Inserts a row into the table.
	 *
	 * Examples:
	 *
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;insert(
	 *         &#039;table&#039;,
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;column1&#039; =&gt; &#039;foo&#039;,
	 *             &#039;column2&#039; =&gt; &#039;bar&#039;,
	 *         )
	 *     );
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;insert(
	 *         &#039;table&#039;,
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;column1&#039; =&gt; &#039;foo&#039;,
	 *             &#039;column2&#039; =&gt; 1337,
	 *         ),
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;%s&#039;,
	 *             &#039;%d&#039;,
	 *         )
	 *     );
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::prepare()
	 * @see wpdb::$field_types
	 * @see wp_set_wpdb_vars()
	 *
	 * @param string          $table  Table name.
	 * @param array           $data   Data to insert (in column =&gt; value pairs).
	 *                                Both `$data` columns and `$data` values should be &quot;raw&quot; (neither should be SQL escaped).
	 *                                Sending a null value will cause the column to be set to NULL - the corresponding
	 *                                format is ignored in this case.
	 * @param string[]|string $format Optional. An array of formats to be mapped to each of the value in `$data`.
	 *                                If string, that format will be used for all of the values in `$data`.
	 *                                A format is one of &#039;%d&#039;, &#039;%f&#039;, &#039;%s&#039; (integer, float, string).
	 *                                If omitted, all values in `$data` will be treated as strings unless otherwise
	 *                                specified in wpdb::$field_types. Default null.
	 * @return int|false The number of rows inserted, or false on error.
	 */
	public function insert( $table, $data, $format = null ) {
		return $this-&gt;_insert_replace_helper( $table, $data, $format, &#039;INSERT&#039; );
	}

	/**
	 * Replaces a row in the table or inserts it if it does not exist, based on a PRIMARY KEY or a UNIQUE index.
	 *
	 * A REPLACE works exactly like an INSERT, except that if an old row in the table has the same value as a new row
	 * for a PRIMARY KEY or a UNIQUE index, the old row is deleted before the new row is inserted.
	 *
	 * Examples:
	 *
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;replace(
	 *         &#039;table&#039;,
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;ID&#039;      =&gt; 123,
	 *             &#039;column1&#039; =&gt; &#039;foo&#039;,
	 *             &#039;column2&#039; =&gt; &#039;bar&#039;,
	 *         )
	 *     );
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;replace(
	 *         &#039;table&#039;,
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;ID&#039;      =&gt; 456,
	 *             &#039;column1&#039; =&gt; &#039;foo&#039;,
	 *             &#039;column2&#039; =&gt; 1337,
	 *         ),
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;%d&#039;,
	 *             &#039;%s&#039;,
	 *             &#039;%d&#039;,
	 *         )
	 *     );
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::prepare()
	 * @see wpdb::$field_types
	 * @see wp_set_wpdb_vars()
	 *
	 * @param string          $table  Table name.
	 * @param array           $data   Data to insert (in column =&gt; value pairs).
	 *                                Both `$data` columns and `$data` values should be &quot;raw&quot; (neither should be SQL escaped).
	 *                                A primary key or unique index is required to perform a replace operation.
	 *                                Sending a null value will cause the column to be set to NULL - the corresponding
	 *                                format is ignored in this case.
	 * @param string[]|string $format Optional. An array of formats to be mapped to each of the value in `$data`.
	 *                                If string, that format will be used for all of the values in `$data`.
	 *                                A format is one of &#039;%d&#039;, &#039;%f&#039;, &#039;%s&#039; (integer, float, string).
	 *                                If omitted, all values in `$data` will be treated as strings unless otherwise
	 *                                specified in wpdb::$field_types. Default null.
	 * @return int|false The number of rows affected, or false on error.
	 */
	public function replace( $table, $data, $format = null ) {
		return $this-&gt;_insert_replace_helper( $table, $data, $format, &#039;REPLACE&#039; );
	}

	/**
	 * Helper function for insert and replace.
	 *
	 * Runs an insert or replace query based on `$type` argument.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::prepare()
	 * @see wpdb::$field_types
	 * @see wp_set_wpdb_vars()
	 *
	 * @param string          $table  Table name.
	 * @param array           $data   Data to insert (in column =&gt; value pairs).
	 *                                Both `$data` columns and `$data` values should be &quot;raw&quot; (neither should be SQL escaped).
	 *                                Sending a null value will cause the column to be set to NULL - the corresponding
	 *                                format is ignored in this case.
	 * @param string[]|string $format Optional. An array of formats to be mapped to each of the value in `$data`.
	 *                                If string, that format will be used for all of the values in `$data`.
	 *                                A format is one of &#039;%d&#039;, &#039;%f&#039;, &#039;%s&#039; (integer, float, string).
	 *                                If omitted, all values in `$data` will be treated as strings unless otherwise
	 *                                specified in wpdb::$field_types. Default null.
	 * @param string          $type   Optional. Type of operation. Either &#039;INSERT&#039; or &#039;REPLACE&#039;.
	 *                                Default &#039;INSERT&#039;.
	 * @return int|false The number of rows affected, or false on error.
	 */
	public function _insert_replace_helper( $table, $data, $format = null, $type = &#039;INSERT&#039; ) {
		$this-&gt;insert_id = 0;

		if ( ! in_array( strtoupper( $type ), array( &#039;REPLACE&#039;, &#039;INSERT&#039; ), true ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		$data = $this-&gt;process_fields( $table, $data, $format );
		if ( false === $data ) {
			return false;
		}

		$formats = array();
		$values  = array();
		foreach ( $data as $value ) {
			if ( is_null( $value[&#039;value&#039;] ) ) {
				$formats[] = &#039;NULL&#039;;
				continue;
			}

			$formats[] = $value[&#039;format&#039;];
			$values[]  = $value[&#039;value&#039;];
		}

		$fields  = &#039;`&#039; . implode( &#039;`, `&#039;, array_keys( $data ) ) . &#039;`&#039;;
		$formats = implode( &#039;, &#039;, $formats );

		$sql = &quot;$type INTO `$table` ($fields) VALUES ($formats)&quot;;

		$this-&gt;check_current_query = false;
		return $this-&gt;query( $this-&gt;prepare( $sql, $values ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Updates a row in the table.
	 *
	 * Examples:
	 *
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;update(
	 *         &#039;table&#039;,
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;column1&#039; =&gt; &#039;foo&#039;,
	 *             &#039;column2&#039; =&gt; &#039;bar&#039;,
	 *         ),
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;ID&#039; =&gt; 1,
	 *         )
	 *     );
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;update(
	 *         &#039;table&#039;,
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;column1&#039; =&gt; &#039;foo&#039;,
	 *             &#039;column2&#039; =&gt; 1337,
	 *         ),
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;ID&#039; =&gt; 1,
	 *         ),
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;%s&#039;,
	 *             &#039;%d&#039;,
	 *         ),
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;%d&#039;,
	 *         )
	 *     );
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::prepare()
	 * @see wpdb::$field_types
	 * @see wp_set_wpdb_vars()
	 *
	 * @param string          $table        Table name.
	 * @param array           $data         Data to update (in column =&gt; value pairs).
	 *                                      Both $data columns and $data values should be &quot;raw&quot; (neither should be SQL escaped).
	 *                                      Sending a null value will cause the column to be set to NULL - the corresponding
	 *                                      format is ignored in this case.
	 * @param array           $where        A named array of WHERE clauses (in column =&gt; value pairs).
	 *                                      Multiple clauses will be joined with ANDs.
	 *                                      Both $where columns and $where values should be &quot;raw&quot;.
	 *                                      Sending a null value will create an IS NULL comparison - the corresponding
	 *                                      format will be ignored in this case.
	 * @param string[]|string $format       Optional. An array of formats to be mapped to each of the values in $data.
	 *                                      If string, that format will be used for all of the values in $data.
	 *                                      A format is one of &#039;%d&#039;, &#039;%f&#039;, &#039;%s&#039; (integer, float, string).
	 *                                      If omitted, all values in $data will be treated as strings unless otherwise
	 *                                      specified in wpdb::$field_types. Default null.
	 * @param string[]|string $where_format Optional. An array of formats to be mapped to each of the values in $where.
	 *                                      If string, that format will be used for all of the items in $where.
	 *                                      A format is one of &#039;%d&#039;, &#039;%f&#039;, &#039;%s&#039; (integer, float, string).
	 *                                      If omitted, all values in $where will be treated as strings unless otherwise
	 *                                      specified in wpdb::$field_types. Default null.
	 * @return int|false The number of rows updated, or false on error.
	 */
	public function update( $table, $data, $where, $format = null, $where_format = null ) {
		if ( ! is_array( $data ) || ! is_array( $where ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		$data = $this-&gt;process_fields( $table, $data, $format );
		if ( false === $data ) {
			return false;
		}
		$where = $this-&gt;process_fields( $table, $where, $where_format );
		if ( false === $where ) {
			return false;
		}

		$fields     = array();
		$conditions = array();
		$values     = array();
		foreach ( $data as $field =&gt; $value ) {
			if ( is_null( $value[&#039;value&#039;] ) ) {
				$fields[] = &quot;`$field` = NULL&quot;;
				continue;
			}

			$fields[] = &quot;`$field` = &quot; . $value[&#039;format&#039;];
			$values[] = $value[&#039;value&#039;];
		}
		foreach ( $where as $field =&gt; $value ) {
			if ( is_null( $value[&#039;value&#039;] ) ) {
				$conditions[] = &quot;`$field` IS NULL&quot;;
				continue;
			}

			$conditions[] = &quot;`$field` = &quot; . $value[&#039;format&#039;];
			$values[]     = $value[&#039;value&#039;];
		}

		$fields     = implode( &#039;, &#039;, $fields );
		$conditions = implode( &#039; AND &#039;, $conditions );

		$sql = &quot;UPDATE `$table` SET $fields WHERE $conditions&quot;;

		$this-&gt;check_current_query = false;
		return $this-&gt;query( $this-&gt;prepare( $sql, $values ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Deletes a row in the table.
	 *
	 * Examples:
	 *
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;delete(
	 *         &#039;table&#039;,
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;ID&#039; =&gt; 1,
	 *         )
	 *     );
	 *     $wpdb-&gt;delete(
	 *         &#039;table&#039;,
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;ID&#039; =&gt; 1,
	 *         ),
	 *         array(
	 *             &#039;%d&#039;,
	 *         )
	 *     );
	 *
	 * @since 3.4.0
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::prepare()
	 * @see wpdb::$field_types
	 * @see wp_set_wpdb_vars()
	 *
	 * @param string          $table        Table name.
	 * @param array           $where        A named array of WHERE clauses (in column =&gt; value pairs).
	 *                                      Multiple clauses will be joined with ANDs.
	 *                                      Both $where columns and $where values should be &quot;raw&quot;.
	 *                                      Sending a null value will create an IS NULL comparison - the corresponding
	 *                                      format will be ignored in this case.
	 * @param string[]|string $where_format Optional. An array of formats to be mapped to each of the values in $where.
	 *                                      If string, that format will be used for all of the items in $where.
	 *                                      A format is one of &#039;%d&#039;, &#039;%f&#039;, &#039;%s&#039; (integer, float, string).
	 *                                      If omitted, all values in $where will be treated as strings unless otherwise
	 *                                      specified in wpdb::$field_types. Default null.
	 * @return int|false The number of rows deleted, or false on error.
	 */
	public function delete( $table, $where, $where_format = null ) {
		if ( ! is_array( $where ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		$where = $this-&gt;process_fields( $table, $where, $where_format );
		if ( false === $where ) {
			return false;
		}

		$conditions = array();
		$values     = array();
		foreach ( $where as $field =&gt; $value ) {
			if ( is_null( $value[&#039;value&#039;] ) ) {
				$conditions[] = &quot;`$field` IS NULL&quot;;
				continue;
			}

			$conditions[] = &quot;`$field` = &quot; . $value[&#039;format&#039;];
			$values[]     = $value[&#039;value&#039;];
		}

		$conditions = implode( &#039; AND &#039;, $conditions );

		$sql = &quot;DELETE FROM `$table` WHERE $conditions&quot;;

		$this-&gt;check_current_query = false;
		return $this-&gt;query( $this-&gt;prepare( $sql, $values ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Processes arrays of field/value pairs and field formats.
	 *
	 * This is a helper method for wpdb&#039;s CRUD methods, which take field/value pairs
	 * for inserts, updates, and where clauses. This method first pairs each value
	 * with a format. Then it determines the charset of that field, using that
	 * to determine if any invalid text would be stripped. If text is stripped,
	 * then field processing is rejected and the query fails.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param string          $table  Table name.
	 * @param array           $data   Array of values keyed by their field names.
	 * @param string[]|string $format Formats or format to be mapped to the values in the data.
	 * @return array|false An array of fields that contain paired value and formats.
	 *                     False for invalid values.
	 */
	protected function process_fields( $table, $data, $format ) {
		$data = $this-&gt;process_field_formats( $data, $format );
		if ( false === $data ) {
			return false;
		}

		$data = $this-&gt;process_field_charsets( $data, $table );
		if ( false === $data ) {
			return false;
		}

		$data = $this-&gt;process_field_lengths( $data, $table );
		if ( false === $data ) {
			return false;
		}

		$converted_data = $this-&gt;strip_invalid_text( $data );

		if ( $data !== $converted_data ) {

			$problem_fields = array();
			foreach ( $data as $field =&gt; $value ) {
				if ( $value !== $converted_data[ $field ] ) {
					$problem_fields[] = $field;
				}
			}

			wp_load_translations_early();

			if ( 1 === count( $problem_fields ) ) {
				$this-&gt;last_error = sprintf(
					/* translators: %s: Database field where the error occurred. */
					__( &#039;WordPress database error: Processing the value for the following field failed: %s. The supplied value may be too long or contains invalid data.&#039; ),
					reset( $problem_fields )
				);
			} else {
				$this-&gt;last_error = sprintf(
					/* translators: %s: Database fields where the error occurred. */
					__( &#039;WordPress database error: Processing the values for the following fields failed: %s. The supplied values may be too long or contain invalid data.&#039; ),
					implode( &#039;, &#039;, $problem_fields )
				);
			}

			return false;
		}

		return $data;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares arrays of value/format pairs as passed to wpdb CRUD methods.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param array           $data   Array of values keyed by their field names.
	 * @param string[]|string $format Formats or format to be mapped to the values in the data.
	 * @return array {
	 *     Array of values and formats keyed by their field names.
	 *
	 *     @type array ...$0 {
	 *         Value and format for this field.
	 *
	 *         @type mixed  $value  The value to be formatted.
	 *         @type string $format The format to be mapped to the value.
	 *     }
	 * }
	 */
	protected function process_field_formats( $data, $format ) {
		$formats          = (array) $format;
		$original_formats = $formats;

		foreach ( $data as $field =&gt; $value ) {
			$value = array(
				&#039;value&#039;  =&gt; $value,
				&#039;format&#039; =&gt; &#039;%s&#039;,
			);

			if ( ! empty( $format ) ) {
				$value[&#039;format&#039;] = array_shift( $formats );
				if ( ! $value[&#039;format&#039;] ) {
					$value[&#039;format&#039;] = reset( $original_formats );
				}
			} elseif ( isset( $this-&gt;field_types[ $field ] ) ) {
				$value[&#039;format&#039;] = $this-&gt;field_types[ $field ];
			}

			$data[ $field ] = $value;
		}

		return $data;
	}

	/**
	 * Adds field charsets to field/value/format arrays generated by wpdb::process_field_formats().
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param array  $data {
	 *     Array of values and formats keyed by their field names,
	 *     as it comes from the wpdb::process_field_formats() method.
	 *
	 *     @type array ...$0 {
	 *         Value and format for this field.
	 *
	 *         @type mixed  $value  The value to be formatted.
	 *         @type string $format The format to be mapped to the value.
	 *     }
	 * }
	 * @param string $table Table name.
	 * @return array|false {
	 *     The same array of data with additional &#039;charset&#039; keys, or false if
	 *     the charset for the table cannot be found.
	 *
	 *     @type array ...$0 {
	 *         Value, format, and charset for this field.
	 *
	 *         @type mixed        $value   The value to be formatted.
	 *         @type string       $format  The format to be mapped to the value.
	 *         @type string|false $charset The charset to be used for the value.
	 *     }
	 * }
	 */
	protected function process_field_charsets( $data, $table ) {
		foreach ( $data as $field =&gt; $value ) {
			if ( &#039;%d&#039; === $value[&#039;format&#039;] || &#039;%f&#039; === $value[&#039;format&#039;] ) {
				/*
				 * We can skip this field if we know it isn&#039;t a string.
				 * This checks %d/%f versus ! %s because its sprintf() could take more.
				 */
				$value[&#039;charset&#039;] = false;
			} else {
				$value[&#039;charset&#039;] = $this-&gt;get_col_charset( $table, $field );
				if ( is_wp_error( $value[&#039;charset&#039;] ) ) {
					return false;
				}
			}

			$data[ $field ] = $value;
		}

		return $data;
	}

	/**
	 * For string fields, records the maximum string length that field can safely save.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.1
	 *
	 * @param array  $data {
	 *     Array of values, formats, and charsets keyed by their field names,
	 *     as it comes from the wpdb::process_field_charsets() method.
	 *
	 *     @type array ...$0 {
	 *         Value, format, and charset for this field.
	 *
	 *         @type mixed        $value   The value to be formatted.
	 *         @type string       $format  The format to be mapped to the value.
	 *         @type string|false $charset The charset to be used for the value.
	 *     }
	 * }
	 * @param string $table Table name.
	 * @return array|false {
	 *     The same array of data with additional &#039;length&#039; keys, or false if
	 *     information for the table cannot be found.
	 *
	 *     @type array ...$0 {
	 *         Value, format, charset, and length for this field.
	 *
	 *         @type mixed        $value   The value to be formatted.
	 *         @type string       $format  The format to be mapped to the value.
	 *         @type string|false $charset The charset to be used for the value.
	 *         @type array|false  $length  {
	 *             Information about the maximum length of the value.
	 *             False if the column has no length.
	 *
	 *             @type string $type   One of &#039;byte&#039; or &#039;char&#039;.
	 *             @type int    $length The column length.
	 *         }
	 *     }
	 * }
	 */
	protected function process_field_lengths( $data, $table ) {
		foreach ( $data as $field =&gt; $value ) {
			if ( &#039;%d&#039; === $value[&#039;format&#039;] || &#039;%f&#039; === $value[&#039;format&#039;] ) {
				/*
				 * We can skip this field if we know it isn&#039;t a string.
				 * This checks %d/%f versus ! %s because its sprintf() could take more.
				 */
				$value[&#039;length&#039;] = false;
			} else {
				$value[&#039;length&#039;] = $this-&gt;get_col_length( $table, $field );
				if ( is_wp_error( $value[&#039;length&#039;] ) ) {
					return false;
				}
			}

			$data[ $field ] = $value;
		}

		return $data;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves one value from the database.
	 *
	 * Executes a SQL query and returns the value from the SQL result.
	 * If the SQL result contains more than one column and/or more than one row,
	 * the value in the column and row specified is returned. If $query is null,
	 * the value in the specified column and row from the previous SQL result is returned.
	 *
	 * Returns null both on failure and when the matched cell value is an empty
	 * string. To distinguish the two cases, check {@see self::$last_error}.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @param string|null $query Optional. SQL query. Defaults to null, use the result from the previous query.
	 * @param int         $x     Optional. Column of value to return. Indexed from 0. Default 0.
	 * @param int         $y     Optional. Row of value to return. Indexed from 0. Default 0.
	 * @return string|null Database query result (as string), or null on failure or when the value is an empty string.
	 * @phpstan-return non-empty-string|null
	 */
	public function get_var( $query = null, $x = 0, $y = 0 ) {
		$this-&gt;func_call = &quot;\$db-&gt;get_var(\&quot;$query\&quot;, $x, $y)&quot;;

		if ( $query ) {
			if ( $this-&gt;check_current_query &amp;&amp; $this-&gt;check_safe_collation( $query ) ) {
				$this-&gt;check_current_query = false;
			}

			$this-&gt;query( $query );
		}

		// Extract var out of cached results based on x,y vals.
		if ( ! empty( $this-&gt;last_result[ $y ] ) ) {
			/**
			 * Column values.
			 *
			 * These are returned from the database as strings, or null for SQL NULL, but get_object_vars() types the
			 * property values as mixed.
			 *
			 * @var list&lt;string|null&gt; $values
			 */
			$values = array_values( get_object_vars( $this-&gt;last_result[ $y ] ) );
		}

		// If there is a value return it, else return null.
		return ( isset( $values[ $x ] ) &amp;&amp; &#039;&#039; !== $values[ $x ] ) ? $values[ $x ] : null;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves one row from the database.
	 *
	 * Executes a SQL query and returns the row from the SQL result.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @param string|null $query  SQL query.
	 * @param string      $output Optional. The required return type. One of OBJECT, ARRAY_A, or ARRAY_N, which
	 *                            correspond to an stdClass object, an associative array, or a numeric array,
	 *                            respectively. Default OBJECT.
	 * @param int         $y      Optional. Row to return. Indexed from 0. Default 0.
	 * @return array|object|null Database query result in format specified by $output or null on failure.
	 * @phpstan-param &#039;OBJECT&#039;|&#039;ARRAY_A&#039;|&#039;ARRAY_N&#039; $output
	 * @phpstan-return (
	 *     $query is non-falsy-string
	 *         ? (
	 *             $output is &#039;OBJECT&#039;
	 *                 ? stdClass|null
	 *                 : (
	 *                     $output is &#039;ARRAY_A&#039;
	 *                         ? array&lt;array-key, mixed&gt;|null
	 *                         : (
	 *                             $output is &#039;ARRAY_N&#039;
	 *                                 ? list&lt;mixed&gt;|null
	 *                                 : null
	 *                         )
	 *                 )
	 *         )
	 *         : null
	 * )
	 */
	public function get_row( $query = null, $output = OBJECT, $y = 0 ) {
		$this-&gt;func_call = &quot;\$db-&gt;get_row(\&quot;$query\&quot;,$output,$y)&quot;;

		if ( $query ) {
			if ( $this-&gt;check_current_query &amp;&amp; $this-&gt;check_safe_collation( $query ) ) {
				$this-&gt;check_current_query = false;
			}

			$this-&gt;query( $query );
		} else {
			return null;
		}

		if ( ! isset( $this-&gt;last_result[ $y ] ) ) {
			return null;
		}

		if ( OBJECT === $output ) {
			return $this-&gt;last_result[ $y ] ? $this-&gt;last_result[ $y ] : null;
		} elseif ( ARRAY_A === $output ) {
			return $this-&gt;last_result[ $y ] ? get_object_vars( $this-&gt;last_result[ $y ] ) : null;
		} elseif ( ARRAY_N === $output ) {
			return $this-&gt;last_result[ $y ] ? array_values( get_object_vars( $this-&gt;last_result[ $y ] ) ) : null;
		} elseif ( OBJECT === strtoupper( $output ) ) {
			// Back compat for OBJECT being previously case-insensitive.
			return $this-&gt;last_result[ $y ] ? $this-&gt;last_result[ $y ] : null;
		} else {
			$this-&gt;print_error( &#039; $db-&gt;get_row(string query, output type, int offset) -- Output type must be one of: OBJECT, ARRAY_A, ARRAY_N&#039; );
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves one column from the database.
	 *
	 * Executes a SQL query and returns the column from the SQL result.
	 * If the SQL result contains more than one column, the column specified is returned.
	 * If $query is null, the specified column from the previous SQL result is returned.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @param string|null $query Optional. SQL query. Defaults to previous query.
	 * @param int         $x     Optional. Column to return. Indexed from 0. Default 0.
	 * @return array Database query result. Array indexed from 0 by SQL result row number.
	 * @phpstan-return list&lt;non-empty-string|null&gt;
	 */
	public function get_col( $query = null, $x = 0 ) {
		if ( $query ) {
			if ( $this-&gt;check_current_query &amp;&amp; $this-&gt;check_safe_collation( $query ) ) {
				$this-&gt;check_current_query = false;
			}

			$this-&gt;query( $query );
		}

		$new_array = array();
		// Extract the column values.
		if ( $this-&gt;last_result ) {
			for ( $i = 0, $j = count( $this-&gt;last_result ); $i &lt; $j; $i++ ) {
				$new_array[] = $this-&gt;get_var( null, $x, $i );
			}
		}
		return $new_array;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves an entire SQL result set from the database (i.e., many rows).
	 *
	 * Executes a SQL query and returns the entire SQL result.
	 *
	 * Returns an empty array when no rows match or when the database
	 * reports an error for the query. Returns null when $query is empty,
	 * when $output is not one of the recognized constants, or when the
	 * query cannot run because the connection is not ready.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @param string|null $query  SQL query.
	 * @param string      $output Optional. Any of ARRAY_A | ARRAY_N | OBJECT | OBJECT_K constants.
	 *                            With one of the first three, return an array of rows indexed
	 *                            from 0 by SQL result row number. Each row is an associative array
	 *                            (column =&gt; value, ...), a numerically indexed array (0 =&gt; value, ...),
	 *                            or an object ( -&gt;column = value ), respectively. With OBJECT_K,
	 *                            return an associative array of row objects keyed by the value
	 *                            of each row&#039;s first column&#039;s value. Duplicate keys are discarded.
	 *                            Default OBJECT.
	 * @return array|null Database query results. Empty array when no rows match
	 *                    or on database error. Null when $query is empty, when
	 *                    $output is invalid, or when the connection is not ready.
	 * @phpstan-param &#039;OBJECT&#039;|&#039;OBJECT_K&#039;|&#039;ARRAY_A&#039;|&#039;ARRAY_N&#039; $output
	 * @phpstan-return (
	 *     $query is non-falsy-string
	 *         ? (
	 *             $output is &#039;OBJECT&#039;
	 *                 ? list&lt;stdClass&gt;|null
	 *                 : (
	 *                     $output is &#039;OBJECT_K&#039;
	 *                         ? array&lt;array-key, stdClass&gt;
	 *                         : (
	 *                             $output is &#039;ARRAY_A&#039;
	 *                                 ? list&lt;array&lt;array-key, mixed&gt;&gt;
	 *                                 : (
	 *                                     $output is &#039;ARRAY_N&#039;
	 *                                         ? list&lt;list&lt;mixed&gt;&gt;
	 *                                         : null
	 *                                 )
	 *                         )
	 *                 )
	 *         )
	 *         : null
	 * )
	 */
	public function get_results( $query = null, $output = OBJECT ) {
		$this-&gt;func_call = &quot;\$db-&gt;get_results(\&quot;$query\&quot;, $output)&quot;;

		if ( $query ) {
			if ( $this-&gt;check_current_query &amp;&amp; $this-&gt;check_safe_collation( $query ) ) {
				$this-&gt;check_current_query = false;
			}

			$this-&gt;query( $query );
		} else {
			return null;
		}

		$new_array = array();
		if ( OBJECT === $output ) {
			// Return an integer-keyed array of row objects.
			return $this-&gt;last_result;
		} elseif ( OBJECT_K === $output ) {
			/*
			 * Return an array of row objects with keys from column 1.
			 * (Duplicates are discarded.)
			 */
			if ( $this-&gt;last_result ) {
				foreach ( $this-&gt;last_result as $row ) {
					$var_by_ref = get_object_vars( $row );
					/**
					 * The first column&#039;s value is used as the key.
					 *
					 * A SQL NULL value surfaces as null here, so coerce it to an empty string to avoid the deprecated
					 * use of null as an array offset (PHP 8.5+).
					 *
					 * @var array-key $key
					 */
					$key = array_shift( $var_by_ref ) ?? &#039;&#039;;
					if ( ! isset( $new_array[ $key ] ) ) {
						$new_array[ $key ] = $row;
					}
				}
			}
			return $new_array;
		} elseif ( ARRAY_A === $output || ARRAY_N === $output ) {
			// Return an integer-keyed array of...
			if ( $this-&gt;last_result ) {
				if ( ARRAY_N === $output ) {
					foreach ( (array) $this-&gt;last_result as $row ) {
						// ...integer-keyed row arrays.
						$new_array[] = array_values( get_object_vars( $row ) );
					}
				} else {
					foreach ( (array) $this-&gt;last_result as $row ) {
						// ...column name-keyed row arrays.
						$new_array[] = get_object_vars( $row );
					}
				}
			}
			return $new_array;
		} elseif ( strtoupper( $output ) === OBJECT ) {
			// Back compat for OBJECT being previously case-insensitive.
			return $this-&gt;last_result;
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the character set for the given table.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param string $table Table name.
	 * @return string|WP_Error Table character set, WP_Error object if it couldn&#039;t be found.
	 */
	protected function get_table_charset( $table ) {
		$tablekey = strtolower( $table );

		/**
		 * Filters the table charset value before the DB is checked.
		 *
		 * Returning a non-null value from the filter will effectively short-circuit
		 * checking the DB for the charset, returning that value instead.
		 *
		 * @since 4.2.0
		 *
		 * @param string|WP_Error|null $charset The character set to use, WP_Error object
		 *                                      if it couldn&#039;t be found. Default null.
		 * @param string               $table   The name of the table being checked.
		 */
		$charset = apply_filters( &#039;pre_get_table_charset&#039;, null, $table );
		if ( null !== $charset ) {
			return $charset;
		}

		if ( isset( $this-&gt;table_charset[ $tablekey ] ) ) {
			return $this-&gt;table_charset[ $tablekey ];
		}

		$charsets = array();
		$columns  = array();

		$table_parts = explode( &#039;.&#039;, $table );
		$table       = &#039;`&#039; . implode( &#039;`.`&#039;, $table_parts ) . &#039;`&#039;;
		$results     = $this-&gt;get_results( &quot;SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM $table&quot; );
		if ( ! $results ) {
			return new WP_Error( &#039;wpdb_get_table_charset_failure&#039;, __( &#039;Could not retrieve table charset.&#039; ) );
		}

		foreach ( $results as $column ) {
			$columns[ strtolower( $column-&gt;Field ) ] = $column;
		}

		$this-&gt;col_meta[ $tablekey ] = $columns;

		foreach ( $columns as $column ) {
			if ( ! empty( $column-&gt;Collation ) ) {
				list( $charset ) = explode( &#039;_&#039;, $column-&gt;Collation );

				$charsets[ strtolower( $charset ) ] = true;
			}

			list( $type ) = explode( &#039;(&#039;, $column-&gt;Type );

			// A binary/blob means the whole query gets treated like this.
			if ( in_array( strtoupper( $type ), array( &#039;BINARY&#039;, &#039;VARBINARY&#039;, &#039;TINYBLOB&#039;, &#039;MEDIUMBLOB&#039;, &#039;BLOB&#039;, &#039;LONGBLOB&#039; ), true ) ) {
				$this-&gt;table_charset[ $tablekey ] = &#039;binary&#039;;
				return &#039;binary&#039;;
			}
		}

		// utf8mb3 is an alias for utf8.
		if ( isset( $charsets[&#039;utf8mb3&#039;] ) ) {
			$charsets[&#039;utf8&#039;] = true;
			unset( $charsets[&#039;utf8mb3&#039;] );
		}

		// Check if we have more than one charset in play.
		$count = count( $charsets );
		if ( 1 === $count ) {
			$charset = key( $charsets );
		} elseif ( 0 === $count ) {
			// No charsets, assume this table can store whatever.
			$charset = false;
		} else {
			// More than one charset. Remove latin1 if present and recalculate.
			unset( $charsets[&#039;latin1&#039;] );
			$count = count( $charsets );
			if ( 1 === $count ) {
				// Only one charset (besides latin1).
				$charset = key( $charsets );
			} elseif ( 2 === $count &amp;&amp; isset( $charsets[&#039;utf8&#039;], $charsets[&#039;utf8mb4&#039;] ) ) {
				// Two charsets, but they&#039;re utf8 and utf8mb4, use utf8.
				$charset = &#039;utf8&#039;;
			} else {
				// Two mixed character sets. ascii.
				$charset = &#039;ascii&#039;;
			}
		}

		$this-&gt;table_charset[ $tablekey ] = $charset;
		return $charset;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the character set for the given column.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param string $table  Table name.
	 * @param string $column Column name.
	 * @return string|false|WP_Error Column character set as a string. False if the column has
	 *                               no character set. WP_Error object if there was an error.
	 */
	public function get_col_charset( $table, $column ) {
		$tablekey  = strtolower( $table );
		$columnkey = strtolower( $column );

		/**
		 * Filters the column charset value before the DB is checked.
		 *
		 * Passing a non-null value to the filter will short-circuit
		 * checking the DB for the charset, returning that value instead.
		 *
		 * @since 4.2.0
		 *
		 * @param string|null|false|WP_Error $charset The character set to use. Default null.
		 * @param string                     $table   The name of the table being checked.
		 * @param string                     $column  The name of the column being checked.
		 */
		$charset = apply_filters( &#039;pre_get_col_charset&#039;, null, $table, $column );
		if ( null !== $charset ) {
			return $charset;
		}

		// Skip this entirely if this isn&#039;t a MySQL database.
		if ( empty( $this-&gt;is_mysql ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( empty( $this-&gt;table_charset[ $tablekey ] ) ) {
			// This primes column information for us.
			$table_charset = $this-&gt;get_table_charset( $table );
			if ( is_wp_error( $table_charset ) ) {
				return $table_charset;
			}
		}

		// If still no column information, return the table charset.
		if ( empty( $this-&gt;col_meta[ $tablekey ] ) ) {
			return $this-&gt;table_charset[ $tablekey ];
		}

		// If this column doesn&#039;t exist, return the table charset.
		if ( empty( $this-&gt;col_meta[ $tablekey ][ $columnkey ] ) ) {
			return $this-&gt;table_charset[ $tablekey ];
		}

		// Return false when it&#039;s not a string column.
		if ( empty( $this-&gt;col_meta[ $tablekey ][ $columnkey ]-&gt;Collation ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		list( $charset ) = explode( &#039;_&#039;, $this-&gt;col_meta[ $tablekey ][ $columnkey ]-&gt;Collation );
		return $charset;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the maximum string length allowed in a given column.
	 *
	 * The length may either be specified as a byte length or a character length.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.1
	 *
	 * @param string $table  Table name.
	 * @param string $column Column name.
	 * @return array|false|WP_Error {
	 *     Array of column length information, false if the column has no length (for
	 *     example, numeric column), WP_Error object if there was an error.
	 *
	 *     @type string $type   One of &#039;byte&#039; or &#039;char&#039;.
	 *     @type int    $length The column length.
	 * }
	 */
	public function get_col_length( $table, $column ) {
		$tablekey  = strtolower( $table );
		$columnkey = strtolower( $column );

		// Skip this entirely if this isn&#039;t a MySQL database.
		if ( empty( $this-&gt;is_mysql ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( empty( $this-&gt;col_meta[ $tablekey ] ) ) {
			// This primes column information for us.
			$table_charset = $this-&gt;get_table_charset( $table );
			if ( is_wp_error( $table_charset ) ) {
				return $table_charset;
			}
		}

		if ( empty( $this-&gt;col_meta[ $tablekey ][ $columnkey ] ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		$typeinfo = explode( &#039;(&#039;, $this-&gt;col_meta[ $tablekey ][ $columnkey ]-&gt;Type );

		$type = strtolower( $typeinfo[0] );
		if ( ! empty( $typeinfo[1] ) ) {
			$length = trim( $typeinfo[1], &#039;)&#039; );
		} else {
			$length = false;
		}

		switch ( $type ) {
			case &#039;char&#039;:
			case &#039;varchar&#039;:
				return array(
					&#039;type&#039;   =&gt; &#039;char&#039;,
					&#039;length&#039; =&gt; (int) $length,
				);

			case &#039;binary&#039;:
			case &#039;varbinary&#039;:
				return array(
					&#039;type&#039;   =&gt; &#039;byte&#039;,
					&#039;length&#039; =&gt; (int) $length,
				);

			case &#039;tinyblob&#039;:
			case &#039;tinytext&#039;:
				return array(
					&#039;type&#039;   =&gt; &#039;byte&#039;,
					&#039;length&#039; =&gt; 255,        // 2^8 - 1
				);

			case &#039;blob&#039;:
			case &#039;text&#039;:
				return array(
					&#039;type&#039;   =&gt; &#039;byte&#039;,
					&#039;length&#039; =&gt; 65535,      // 2^16 - 1
				);

			case &#039;mediumblob&#039;:
			case &#039;mediumtext&#039;:
				return array(
					&#039;type&#039;   =&gt; &#039;byte&#039;,
					&#039;length&#039; =&gt; 16777215,   // 2^24 - 1
				);

			case &#039;longblob&#039;:
			case &#039;longtext&#039;:
				return array(
					&#039;type&#039;   =&gt; &#039;byte&#039;,
					&#039;length&#039; =&gt; 4294967295, // 2^32 - 1
				);

			default:
				return false;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a string is ASCII.
	 *
	 * The negative regex is faster for non-ASCII strings, as it allows
	 * the search to finish as soon as it encounters a non-ASCII character.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param string $input_string String to check.
	 * @return bool True if ASCII, false if not.
	 */
	protected function check_ascii( $input_string ) {
		if ( function_exists( &#039;mb_check_encoding&#039; ) ) {
			if ( mb_check_encoding( $input_string, &#039;ASCII&#039; ) ) {
				return true;
			}
		} elseif ( ! preg_match( &#039;/[^\x00-\x7F]/&#039;, $input_string ) ) {
			return true;
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if the query is accessing a collation considered safe.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param string $query The query to check.
	 * @return bool True if the collation is safe, false if it isn&#039;t.
	 */
	protected function check_safe_collation( $query ) {
		if ( $this-&gt;checking_collation ) {
			return true;
		}

		// We don&#039;t need to check the collation for queries that don&#039;t read data.
		$query = ltrim( $query, &quot;\r\n\t (&quot; );
		if ( preg_match( &#039;/^(?:SHOW|DESCRIBE|DESC|EXPLAIN|CREATE)\s/i&#039;, $query ) ) {
			return true;
		}

		// All-ASCII queries don&#039;t need extra checking.
		if ( $this-&gt;check_ascii( $query ) ) {
			return true;
		}

		$table = $this-&gt;get_table_from_query( $query );
		if ( ! $table ) {
			return false;
		}

		$this-&gt;checking_collation = true;
		$collation                = $this-&gt;get_table_charset( $table );
		$this-&gt;checking_collation = false;

		// Tables with no collation, or latin1 only, don&#039;t need extra checking.
		if ( false === $collation || &#039;latin1&#039; === $collation ) {
			return true;
		}

		$table = strtolower( $table );
		if ( empty( $this-&gt;col_meta[ $table ] ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		// If any of the columns don&#039;t have one of these collations, it needs more confidence checking.
		$safe_collations = array(
			&#039;utf8_bin&#039;,
			&#039;utf8_general_ci&#039;,
			&#039;utf8mb3_bin&#039;,
			&#039;utf8mb3_general_ci&#039;,
			&#039;utf8mb4_bin&#039;,
			&#039;utf8mb4_general_ci&#039;,
		);

		foreach ( $this-&gt;col_meta[ $table ] as $col ) {
			if ( empty( $col-&gt;Collation ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			if ( ! in_array( $col-&gt;Collation, $safe_collations, true ) ) {
				return false;
			}
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Strips any invalid characters based on value/charset pairs.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param array $data Array of value arrays. Each value array has the keys &#039;value&#039;, &#039;charset&#039;, and &#039;length&#039;.
	 *                    An optional &#039;ascii&#039; key can be set to false to avoid redundant ASCII checks.
	 * @return array|WP_Error The $data parameter, with invalid characters removed from each value.
	 *                        This works as a passthrough: any additional keys such as &#039;field&#039; are
	 *                        retained in each value array. If we cannot remove invalid characters,
	 *                        a WP_Error object is returned.
	 */
	protected function strip_invalid_text( $data ) {
		$db_check_string = false;

		foreach ( $data as &amp;$value ) {
			$charset = $value[&#039;charset&#039;];

			if ( is_array( $value[&#039;length&#039;] ) ) {
				$length                  = $value[&#039;length&#039;][&#039;length&#039;];
				$truncate_by_byte_length = &#039;byte&#039; === $value[&#039;length&#039;][&#039;type&#039;];
			} else {
				$length = false;
				/*
				 * Since we have no length, we&#039;ll never truncate. Initialize the variable to false.
				 * True would take us through an unnecessary (for this case) codepath below.
				 */
				$truncate_by_byte_length = false;
			}

			// There&#039;s no charset to work with.
			if ( false === $charset ) {
				continue;
			}

			// Column isn&#039;t a string.
			if ( ! is_string( $value[&#039;value&#039;] ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			$needs_validation = true;
			if (
				// latin1 can store any byte sequence.
				&#039;latin1&#039; === $charset
			||
				// ASCII is always OK.
				( ! isset( $value[&#039;ascii&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; $this-&gt;check_ascii( $value[&#039;value&#039;] ) )
			) {
				$truncate_by_byte_length = true;
				$needs_validation        = false;
			}

			if ( $truncate_by_byte_length ) {
				mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
				if ( false !== $length &amp;&amp; strlen( $value[&#039;value&#039;] ) &gt; $length ) {
					$value[&#039;value&#039;] = substr( $value[&#039;value&#039;], 0, $length );
				}
				reset_mbstring_encoding();

				if ( ! $needs_validation ) {
					continue;
				}
			}

			// utf8 can be handled by regex, which is a bunch faster than a DB lookup.
			if ( ( &#039;utf8&#039; === $charset || &#039;utf8mb3&#039; === $charset || &#039;utf8mb4&#039; === $charset ) &amp;&amp; function_exists( &#039;mb_strlen&#039; ) ) {
				$regex = &#039;/
					(
						(?: [\x00-\x7F]                  # single-byte sequences   0xxxxxxx
						|   [\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]       # double-byte sequences   110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
						|   \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]   # triple-byte sequences   1110xxxx 10xxxxxx * 2
						|   [\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF]{2}
						|   \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]
						|   [\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}&#039;;

				if ( &#039;utf8mb4&#039; === $charset ) {
					$regex .= &#039;
						|    \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2} # four-byte sequences   11110xxx 10xxxxxx * 3
						|    [\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}
						|    \xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}
					&#039;;
				}

				$regex         .= &#039;){1,40}                          # ...one or more times
					)
					| .                                  # anything else
					/x&#039;;
				$value[&#039;value&#039;] = preg_replace( $regex, &#039;$1&#039;, $value[&#039;value&#039;] );

				if ( false !== $length &amp;&amp; mb_strlen( $value[&#039;value&#039;], &#039;UTF-8&#039; ) &gt; $length ) {
					$value[&#039;value&#039;] = mb_substr( $value[&#039;value&#039;], 0, $length, &#039;UTF-8&#039; );
				}
				continue;
			}

			// We couldn&#039;t use any local conversions, send it to the DB.
			$value[&#039;db&#039;]     = true;
			$db_check_string = true;
		}
		unset( $value ); // Remove by reference.

		if ( $db_check_string ) {
			$queries = array();
			foreach ( $data as $col =&gt; $value ) {
				if ( ! empty( $value[&#039;db&#039;] ) ) {
					// We&#039;re going to need to truncate by characters or bytes, depending on the length value we have.
					if ( isset( $value[&#039;length&#039;][&#039;type&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; &#039;byte&#039; === $value[&#039;length&#039;][&#039;type&#039;] ) {
						// Using binary causes LEFT() to truncate by bytes.
						$charset = &#039;binary&#039;;
					} else {
						$charset = $value[&#039;charset&#039;];
					}

					if ( $this-&gt;charset ) {
						$connection_charset = $this-&gt;charset;
					} else {
						$connection_charset = mysqli_character_set_name( $this-&gt;dbh );
					}

					if ( is_array( $value[&#039;length&#039;] ) ) {
						$length          = sprintf( &#039;%.0f&#039;, $value[&#039;length&#039;][&#039;length&#039;] );
						$queries[ $col ] = $this-&gt;prepare( &quot;CONVERT( LEFT( CONVERT( %s USING $charset ), $length ) USING $connection_charset )&quot;, $value[&#039;value&#039;] );
					} elseif ( &#039;binary&#039; !== $charset ) {
						// If we don&#039;t have a length, there&#039;s no need to convert binary - it will always return the same result.
						$queries[ $col ] = $this-&gt;prepare( &quot;CONVERT( CONVERT( %s USING $charset ) USING $connection_charset )&quot;, $value[&#039;value&#039;] );
					}

					unset( $data[ $col ][&#039;db&#039;] );
				}
			}

			$sql = array();
			foreach ( $queries as $column =&gt; $query ) {
				if ( ! $query ) {
					continue;
				}

				$sql[] = $query . &quot; AS x_$column&quot;;
			}

			$this-&gt;check_current_query = false;
			$row                       = $this-&gt;get_row( &#039;SELECT &#039; . implode( &#039;, &#039;, $sql ), ARRAY_A );
			if ( ! $row ) {
				return new WP_Error( &#039;wpdb_strip_invalid_text_failure&#039;, __( &#039;Could not strip invalid text.&#039; ) );
			}

			foreach ( array_keys( $data ) as $column ) {
				if ( isset( $row[ &quot;x_$column&quot; ] ) ) {
					$data[ $column ][&#039;value&#039;] = $row[ &quot;x_$column&quot; ];
				}
			}
		}

		return $data;
	}

	/**
	 * Strips any invalid characters from the query.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param string $query Query to convert.
	 * @return string|WP_Error The converted query, or a WP_Error object if the conversion fails.
	 */
	protected function strip_invalid_text_from_query( $query ) {
		// We don&#039;t need to check the collation for queries that don&#039;t read data.
		$trimmed_query = ltrim( $query, &quot;\r\n\t (&quot; );
		if ( preg_match( &#039;/^(?:SHOW|DESCRIBE|DESC|EXPLAIN|CREATE)\s/i&#039;, $trimmed_query ) ) {
			return $query;
		}

		$table = $this-&gt;get_table_from_query( $query );
		if ( $table ) {
			$charset = $this-&gt;get_table_charset( $table );
			if ( is_wp_error( $charset ) ) {
				return $charset;
			}

			// We can&#039;t reliably strip text from tables containing binary/blob columns.
			if ( &#039;binary&#039; === $charset ) {
				return $query;
			}
		} else {
			$charset = $this-&gt;charset;
		}

		$data = array(
			&#039;value&#039;   =&gt; $query,
			&#039;charset&#039; =&gt; $charset,
			&#039;ascii&#039;   =&gt; false,
			&#039;length&#039;  =&gt; false,
		);

		$data = $this-&gt;strip_invalid_text( array( $data ) );
		if ( is_wp_error( $data ) ) {
			return $data;
		}

		return $data[0][&#039;value&#039;];
	}

	/**
	 * Strips any invalid characters from the string for a given table and column.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param string $table  Table name.
	 * @param string $column Column name.
	 * @param string $value  The text to check.
	 * @return string|WP_Error The converted string, or a WP_Error object if the conversion fails.
	 */
	public function strip_invalid_text_for_column( $table, $column, $value ) {
		if ( ! is_string( $value ) ) {
			return $value;
		}

		$charset = $this-&gt;get_col_charset( $table, $column );
		if ( ! $charset ) {
			// Not a string column.
			return $value;
		} elseif ( is_wp_error( $charset ) ) {
			// Bail on real errors.
			return $charset;
		}

		$data = array(
			$column =&gt; array(
				&#039;value&#039;   =&gt; $value,
				&#039;charset&#039; =&gt; $charset,
				&#039;length&#039;  =&gt; $this-&gt;get_col_length( $table, $column ),
			),
		);

		$data = $this-&gt;strip_invalid_text( $data );
		if ( is_wp_error( $data ) ) {
			return $data;
		}

		return $data[ $column ][&#039;value&#039;];
	}

	/**
	 * Finds the first table name referenced in a query.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param string $query The query to search.
	 * @return string|false The table name found, or false if a table couldn&#039;t be found.
	 */
	protected function get_table_from_query( $query ) {
		// Remove characters that can legally trail the table name.
		$query = rtrim( $query, &#039;;/-#&#039; );

		// Allow (select...) union [...] style queries. Use the first query&#039;s table name.
		$query = ltrim( $query, &quot;\r\n\t (&quot; );

		// Strip everything between parentheses except nested selects.
		$query = preg_replace( &#039;/\((?!\s*select)[^(]*?\)/is&#039;, &#039;()&#039;, $query );

		// Strip any leading SET STATEMENT statements.
		$query = preg_replace( &#039;/^SET STATEMENT.+?\sFOR\s+/is&#039;, &#039;&#039;, $query );

		// Quickly match most common queries.
		if ( preg_match(
			&#039;/^\s*(?:&#039;
				. &#039;SELECT.*?\s+FROM&#039;
				. &#039;|INSERT(?:\s+LOW_PRIORITY|\s+DELAYED|\s+HIGH_PRIORITY)?(?:\s+IGNORE)?(?:\s+INTO)?&#039;
				. &#039;|REPLACE(?:\s+LOW_PRIORITY|\s+DELAYED)?(?:\s+INTO)?&#039;
				. &#039;|UPDATE(?:\s+LOW_PRIORITY)?(?:\s+IGNORE)?&#039;
				. &#039;|DELETE(?:\s+LOW_PRIORITY|\s+QUICK|\s+IGNORE)*(?:.+?FROM)?&#039;
			. &#039;)\s+((?:[0-9a-zA-Z$_.`-]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF])+)/is&#039;,
			$query,
			$maybe
		) ) {
			return str_replace( &#039;`&#039;, &#039;&#039;, $maybe[1] );
		}

		// SHOW TABLE STATUS and SHOW TABLES WHERE Name = &#039;wp_posts&#039;
		if ( preg_match( &#039;/^\s*SHOW\s+(?:TABLE\s+STATUS|(?:FULL\s+)?TABLES).+WHERE\s+Name\s*=\s*(&quot;|\&#039;)((?:[0-9a-zA-Z$_.-]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF])+)\\1/is&#039;, $query, $maybe ) ) {
			return $maybe[2];
		}

		/*
		 * SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE and SHOW TABLES LIKE &#039;wp\_123\_%&#039;
		 * This quoted LIKE operand seldom holds a full table name.
		 * It is usually a pattern for matching a prefix so we just
		 * strip the trailing % and unescape the _ to get &#039;wp_123_&#039;
		 * which drop-ins can use for routing these SQL statements.
		 */
		if ( preg_match( &#039;/^\s*SHOW\s+(?:TABLE\s+STATUS|(?:FULL\s+)?TABLES)\s+(?:WHERE\s+Name\s+)?LIKE\s*(&quot;|\&#039;)((?:[\\\\0-9a-zA-Z$_.-]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF])+)%?\\1/is&#039;, $query, $maybe ) ) {
			return str_replace( &#039;\\_&#039;, &#039;_&#039;, $maybe[2] );
		}

		// Big pattern for the rest of the table-related queries.
		if ( preg_match(
			&#039;/^\s*(?:&#039;
				. &#039;(?:EXPLAIN\s+(?:EXTENDED\s+)?)?SELECT.*?\s+FROM&#039;
				. &#039;|DESCRIBE|DESC|EXPLAIN|HANDLER&#039;
				. &#039;|(?:LOCK|UNLOCK)\s+TABLE(?:S)?&#039;
				. &#039;|(?:RENAME|OPTIMIZE|BACKUP|RESTORE|CHECK|CHECKSUM|ANALYZE|REPAIR).*\s+TABLE&#039;
				. &#039;|TRUNCATE(?:\s+TABLE)?&#039;
				. &#039;|CREATE(?:\s+TEMPORARY)?\s+TABLE(?:\s+IF\s+NOT\s+EXISTS)?&#039;
				. &#039;|ALTER(?:\s+IGNORE)?\s+TABLE&#039;
				. &#039;|DROP\s+TABLE(?:\s+IF\s+EXISTS)?&#039;
				. &#039;|CREATE(?:\s+\w+)?\s+INDEX.*\s+ON&#039;
				. &#039;|DROP\s+INDEX.*\s+ON&#039;
				. &#039;|LOAD\s+DATA.*INFILE.*INTO\s+TABLE&#039;
				. &#039;|(?:GRANT|REVOKE).*ON\s+TABLE&#039;
				. &#039;|SHOW\s+(?:.*FROM|.*TABLE)&#039;
			. &#039;)\s+\(*\s*((?:[0-9a-zA-Z$_.`-]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF])+)\s*\)*/is&#039;,
			$query,
			$maybe
		) ) {
			return str_replace( &#039;`&#039;, &#039;&#039;, $maybe[1] );
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Loads the column metadata from the last query.
	 *
	 * @since 3.5.0
	 */
	protected function load_col_info() {
		if ( $this-&gt;col_info ) {
			return;
		}

		$num_fields = mysqli_num_fields( $this-&gt;result );

		for ( $i = 0; $i &lt; $num_fields; $i++ ) {
			$this-&gt;col_info[ $i ] = mysqli_fetch_field( $this-&gt;result );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves column metadata from the last query.
	 *
	 * @since 0.71
	 *
	 * @param string $info_type  Optional. Possible values include &#039;name&#039;, &#039;table&#039;, &#039;def&#039;, &#039;max_length&#039;,
	 *                           &#039;not_null&#039;, &#039;primary_key&#039;, &#039;multiple_key&#039;, &#039;unique_key&#039;, &#039;numeric&#039;,
	 *                           &#039;blob&#039;, &#039;type&#039;, &#039;unsigned&#039;, &#039;zerofill&#039;. Default &#039;name&#039;.
	 * @param int    $col_offset Optional. 0: col name. 1: which table the col&#039;s in. 2: col&#039;s max length.
	 *                           3: if the col is numeric. 4: col&#039;s type. Default -1.
	 * @return mixed Column results.
	 */
	public function get_col_info( $info_type = &#039;name&#039;, $col_offset = -1 ) {
		$this-&gt;load_col_info();

		if ( $this-&gt;col_info ) {
			if ( -1 === $col_offset ) {
				$i         = 0;
				$new_array = array();
				foreach ( (array) $this-&gt;col_info as $col ) {
					$new_array[ $i ] = $col-&gt;{$info_type};
					++$i;
				}
				return $new_array;
			} else {
				return $this-&gt;col_info[ $col_offset ]-&gt;{$info_type};
			}
		}

		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Starts the timer, for debugging purposes.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 *
	 * @return true
	 */
	public function timer_start() {
		$this-&gt;time_start = microtime( true );
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Stops the debugging timer.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 *
	 * @return float Total time spent on the query, in seconds.
	 */
	public function timer_stop() {
		return ( microtime( true ) - $this-&gt;time_start );
	}

	/**
	 * Wraps errors in a nice header and footer and dies.
	 *
	 * Will not die if wpdb::$show_errors is false.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string $message    The error message.
	 * @param string $error_code Optional. A computer-readable string to identify the error.
	 *                           Default &#039;500&#039;.
	 * @return false False if the showing of errors is disabled.
	 */
	public function bail( $message, $error_code = &#039;500&#039; ) {
		if ( $this-&gt;show_errors ) {
			$error = &#039;&#039;;

			if ( $this-&gt;dbh instanceof mysqli ) {
				$error = mysqli_error( $this-&gt;dbh );
			} elseif ( mysqli_connect_errno() ) {
				$error = mysqli_connect_error();
			}

			if ( $error ) {
				$message = &#039;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . $error . &quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n&quot; . $message;
			}

			wp_die( $message );
		} else {
			if ( class_exists( &#039;WP_Error&#039;, false ) ) {
				$this-&gt;error = new WP_Error( $error_code, $message );
			} else {
				$this-&gt;error = $message;
			}

			return false;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Closes the current database connection.
	 *
	 * @since 4.5.0
	 *
	 * @return bool True if the connection was successfully closed,
	 *              false if it wasn&#039;t, or if the connection doesn&#039;t exist.
	 */
	public function close() {
		if ( ! $this-&gt;dbh ) {
			return false;
		}

		$closed = mysqli_close( $this-&gt;dbh );

		if ( $closed ) {
			$this-&gt;dbh           = null;
			$this-&gt;ready         = false;
			$this-&gt;has_connected = false;
		}

		return $closed;
	}

	/**
	 * Determines whether the database server is at least the required minimum version.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @global string $required_mysql_version The minimum required MySQL version string.
	 * @return WP_Error|null
	 */
	public function check_database_version() {
		global $required_mysql_version;
		$wp_version = wp_get_wp_version();

		// Make sure the server has the required MySQL version.
		if ( version_compare( $this-&gt;db_version(), $required_mysql_version, &#039;&lt;&#039; ) ) {
			/* translators: 1: WordPress version number, 2: Minimum required MySQL version number. */
			return new WP_Error( &#039;database_version&#039;, sprintf( __( &#039;&lt;strong&gt;Error:&lt;/strong&gt; WordPress %1$s requires MySQL %2$s or higher&#039; ), $wp_version, $required_mysql_version ) );
		}

		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Determines whether the database supports collation.
	 *
	 * Called when WordPress is generating the table scheme.
	 *
	 * Use `wpdb::has_cap( &#039;collation&#039; )`.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 * @deprecated 3.5.0 Use wpdb::has_cap()
	 *
	 * @return bool True if collation is supported, false if not.
	 */
	public function supports_collation() {
		_deprecated_function( __FUNCTION__, &#039;3.5.0&#039;, &#039;wpdb::has_cap( \&#039;collation\&#039; )&#039; );
		return $this-&gt;has_cap( &#039;collation&#039; );
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the database character collate.
	 *
	 * @since 3.5.0
	 *
	 * @return string The database character collate.
	 */
	public function get_charset_collate() {
		$charset_collate = &#039;&#039;;

		if ( ! empty( $this-&gt;charset ) ) {
			$charset_collate = &quot;DEFAULT CHARACTER SET $this-&gt;charset&quot;;
		}
		if ( ! empty( $this-&gt;collate ) ) {
			$charset_collate .= &quot; COLLATE $this-&gt;collate&quot;;
		}

		return $charset_collate;
	}

	/**
	 * Determines whether the database or WPDB supports a particular feature.
	 *
	 * Capability sniffs for the database server and current version of WPDB.
	 *
	 * Database sniffs are based on the version of the database server in use.
	 *
	 * WPDB sniffs are added as new features are introduced to allow theme and plugin
	 * developers to determine feature support. This is to account for drop-ins which may
	 * introduce feature support at a different time to WordPress.
	 *
	 * @since 2.7.0
	 * @since 4.1.0 Added support for the &#039;utf8mb4&#039; feature.
	 * @since 4.6.0 Added support for the &#039;utf8mb4_520&#039; feature.
	 * @since 6.2.0 Added support for the &#039;identifier_placeholders&#039; feature.
	 * @since 6.6.0 The `utf8mb4` feature now always returns true.
	 *
	 * @see wpdb::db_version()
	 *
	 * @param string $db_cap The feature to check for. Accepts &#039;collation&#039;, &#039;group_concat&#039;,
	 *                       &#039;subqueries&#039;, &#039;set_charset&#039;, &#039;utf8mb4&#039;, &#039;utf8mb4_520&#039;,
	 *                       or &#039;identifier_placeholders&#039;.
	 * @return bool True when the database feature is supported, false otherwise.
	 */
	public function has_cap( $db_cap ) {
		$db_version     = $this-&gt;db_version();
		$db_server_info = $this-&gt;db_server_info();

		/*
		 * Account for MariaDB version being prefixed with &#039;5.5.5-&#039; on older PHP versions.
		 *
		 * Note: str_contains() is not used here, as this file can be included
		 * directly outside of WordPress core, e.g. by HyperDB, in which case
		 * the polyfills from wp-includes/compat.php are not loaded.
		 */
		if ( &#039;5.5.5&#039; === $db_version &amp;&amp; false !== strpos( $db_server_info, &#039;MariaDB&#039; )
			&amp;&amp; ( PHP_VERSION_ID &lt;= 80015 // PHP 8.0.15 or older.
				|| 80100 &lt;= PHP_VERSION_ID &amp;&amp; PHP_VERSION_ID &lt;= 80102 ) // PHP 8.1.0 to PHP 8.1.2.
		) {
			// Strip the &#039;5.5.5-&#039; prefix and set the version to the correct value.
			$db_server_info = preg_replace( &#039;/^5\.5\.5-(.*)/&#039;, &#039;$1&#039;, $db_server_info );
			$db_version     = preg_replace( &#039;/[^0-9.].*/&#039;, &#039;&#039;, $db_server_info );
		}

		switch ( strtolower( $db_cap ) ) {
			case &#039;collation&#039;:    // @since 2.5.0
			case &#039;group_concat&#039;: // @since 2.7.0
			case &#039;subqueries&#039;:   // @since 2.7.0
				return version_compare( $db_version, &#039;4.1&#039;, &#039;&gt;=&#039; );
			case &#039;set_charset&#039;:
				return version_compare( $db_version, &#039;5.0.7&#039;, &#039;&gt;=&#039; );
			case &#039;utf8mb4&#039;:      // @since 4.1.0
				return true;
			case &#039;utf8mb4_520&#039;: // @since 4.6.0
				return version_compare( $db_version, &#039;5.6&#039;, &#039;&gt;=&#039; );
			case &#039;identifier_placeholders&#039;: // @since 6.2.0
				/*
				 * As of WordPress 6.2, wpdb::prepare() supports identifiers via &#039;%i&#039;,
				 * e.g. table/field names.
				 */
				return true;
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves a comma-separated list of the names of the functions that called wpdb.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @return string Comma-separated list of the calling functions.
	 */
	public function get_caller() {
		return wp_debug_backtrace_summary( __CLASS__ );
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the database server version number.
	 *
	 * @since 2.7.0
	 *
	 * @return string|null Version number on success, null on failure.
	 */
	public function db_version() {
		return preg_replace( &#039;/[^0-9.].*/&#039;, &#039;&#039;, $this-&gt;db_server_info() );
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the raw version string of the database server.
	 *
	 * @since 5.5.0
	 *
	 * @return string Database server version as a string.
	 */
	public function db_server_info() {
		return mysqli_get_server_info( $this-&gt;dbh );
	}
}
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